श्याम
Sanskrit
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁mós (“black, dark”). Cognate with Avestan (sāma-, “black”) and Lithuanian šė̃mas (“blue-grey”). From the same Proto-Indo-European root also श्याव (śyāvá, “dark-brown, brown, dark-coloured, dark”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁wós (“black, dark”)).
Adjective
श्याम (śyāmá)
- black, dark-coloured, dark blue or brown or grey or green, sable, having a dark or swarthy complexion (considered a mark of beauty) (AV. etc.)
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of श्याम
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) | श्यामौ (śyāmau) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Vocative | श्याम (śyāma) | श्यामौ (śyāmau) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Accusative | श्यामम् (śyāmam) | श्यामौ (śyāmau) | श्यामान् (śyāmān) |
| Instrumental | श्यामेन (śyāmena) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामैः (śyāmaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्यामाय (śyāmāya) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्यामात् (śyāmāt) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्यामस्य (śyāmasya) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामानाम् (śyāmānām) |
| Locative | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामेषु (śyāmeṣu) |
Feminine ā-stem declension of श्याम
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | श्यामा (śyāmā) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Vocative | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Accusative | श्यामाम् (śyāmām) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Instrumental | श्यामया (śyāmayā) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामाभिः (śyāmābhiḥ) |
| Dative | श्यामायै (śyāmāyai) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामाभ्यः (śyāmābhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्यामायाः (śyāmāyāḥ) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामाभ्यः (śyāmābhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्यामायाः (śyāmāyāḥ) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामानाम् (śyāmānām) |
| Locative | श्यामायाम् (śyāmāyām) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामासु (śyāmāsu) |
Neuter a-stem declension of श्याम
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | श्यामम् (śyāmam) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामानि (śyāmāni) |
| Vocative | श्याम (śyāma) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामानि (śyāmāni) |
| Accusative | श्यामम् (śyāmam) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामानि (śyāmāni) |
| Instrumental | श्यामेन (śyāmena) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामैः (śyāmaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्यामाय (śyāmāya) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्यामात् (śyāmāt) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्यामस्य (śyāmasya) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामानाम् (śyāmānām) |
| Locative | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामेषु (śyāmeṣu) |
Noun
श्याम (śyāmá) m
- black or blue or green (the colour) (L.)
- cloud (L.)
- the Kokila or Indian cuckoo (L.)
- black bull (TS.)
- name of various plants (fragrant grass; thorn-apple; Artemisia Indica; Careya Arborea etc.) (L.)
- (music) a particular राग (rāga) (Saṃgīt.)
- name of a son of शूर (śūra) and brother of वसुदेव (vasudeva) (Hariv., VP.)
- name of a modern prince (Cat.)
- name of a mountain (MBh.)
- name of a sacred fig-tree at प्रयाग (prayāga) or Allahabad (R., Ragh., Uttarar.)
- (in the plural) name of a Vedic school (a subdivision of the मैत्रायणीय (maitrāyaṇīya))
Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of श्याम
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | श्यामः (śyāmaḥ) | श्यामौ (śyāmau) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Vocative | श्याम (śyāma) | श्यामौ (śyāmau) | श्यामाः (śyāmāḥ) |
| Accusative | श्यामम् (śyāmam) | श्यामौ (śyāmau) | श्यामान् (śyāmān) |
| Instrumental | श्यामेन (śyāmena) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामैः (śyāmaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्यामाय (śyāmāya) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्यामात् (śyāmāt) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्यामस्य (śyāmasya) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामानाम् (śyāmānām) |
| Locative | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामेषु (śyāmeṣu) |
Noun
श्याम (śyāmá) n
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of श्याम
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | श्यामम् (śyāmam) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामानि (śyāmāni) |
| Vocative | श्याम (śyāma) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामानि (śyāmāni) |
| Accusative | श्यामम् (śyāmam) | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामानि (śyāmāni) |
| Instrumental | श्यामेन (śyāmena) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामैः (śyāmaiḥ) |
| Dative | श्यामाय (śyāmāya) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Ablative | श्यामात् (śyāmāt) | श्यामाभ्याम् (śyāmābhyām) | श्यामेभ्यः (śyāmebhyaḥ) |
| Genitive | श्यामस्य (śyāmasya) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामानाम् (śyāmānām) |
| Locative | श्यामे (śyāme) | श्यामयोः (śyāmayoḥ) | श्यामेषु (śyāmeṣu) |
References
- Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English dictionary etymologically and philologically arranged with special reference to cognate Indo-European languages, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1898, page 1094
