हृ

Sanskrit edit

Alternative forms edit

हर् (har)

Alternative scripts edit

Alternative scripts

হৃ (Assamese script)
ᬳᬺ (Balinese script)
হৃ (Bengali script)
𑰮𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀳𑀾 (Brahmi script)
ဟၖ (Burmese script)
હૃ (Gujarati script)
ਹ੍ਹ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌹𑍃 (Grantha script)
ꦲꦽ (Javanese script)
𑂯𑃂 (Kaithi script)
ಹೃ (Kannada script)
ហ្ឫ (Khmer script)
ຫ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
ഹൃ (Malayalam script)
ᡥᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘮𑘵 (Modi script)
ᠾᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧎𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
𑐴𑐺 (Newa script)
ହୃ (Odia script)
ꢲꢺ (Saurashtra script)
𑆲𑆸 (Sharada script)
𑖮𑖴 (Siddham script)
හෘ (Sinhalese script)
𑪂𑩙 (Soyombo script)
𑚩 (Takri script)
ஹ்ரி (Tamil script)
హృ (Telugu script)
หฺฤ (Thai script)
ཧྲྀ (Tibetan script)
𑒯𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
𑨱𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation edit

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦr̩/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ɦr̩/

Etymology 1 edit

Of uncertain origin. The traditional derivation by Pokorny from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“to want, yearn”) (whence हर्य् (hary, “to like, delight in”)) is not mentioned at all by Mayrhofer, who suggests a partial relation to भृ (bhṛ, “to bear, carry”), as well as contamination by both भृ (bhṛ) and घृ (ghṛ, “to besprinkle, moisten”). He mentions that ascertaining the ultimate origins of हृ (hṛ) is difficult due to the semantic overlap described above.

Root edit

हृ • (hṛ)

to take

Derived terms edit

Sanskrit terms belonging to the root हृ‎ (0 c, 11 e)

Primary Verbal Forms

हरति (hárati, Present)
जिहर्ति (jihárti, Present)
हर्ति (hárti, Vedic present)
हरिष्यति (hariṣyáti, Future)
हर्ता (hartā́, Periphrastic Future)
अहार्षीत् (áhārṣīt, Aorist)
जहार (jahā́ra, Perfect)

Secondary Forms

ह्रियते (hriyáte, Passive)
अहारि (áhāri, Passive Aorist)
हारयति (hāráyati, Causative)
अजीहरत् (ájīharat, Causative Aorist)
जिहीर्षति (jíhīrṣati, Desiderative)
जरीहर्ति (jarīharti, Intensive)
जेह्रीयते (jehrīyate, Intensive)

Non-Finite Forms

हर्तुम् (hártum, Infinitive)
हर्तवे (hártave, Infinitive)
हर्तवै (hartavái, Infinitive)
हर्तोस् (hártos, Infinitive)
हरितुम् (háritum, Infinitive)
हारम् (hā́ram, Infinitive)
हृत्वा (hṛtvā́, Gerund)
हरणीय (haraṇīya, Gerundive)
हर्तव्य (hartavya, Gerundive)
हृत (hṛtá, Past Participle)

Derived Nominal Forms

हृत्य (hṛ́tya)
हर (hara)
हार (hāra)
हारक (hāraka)
हारिन् (hārin)
हार्य (hārya)
हरण (háraṇa)
हारण (hāraṇa)
हरस् (háras)
हारुक (hā́ruka)
हृत् (hṛt)
हृति (hṛti)
हर्तृ (hartṛ)
जिहीर्षा (jihīrṣā)
जिहीर्षु (jihīrṣu)
हारयितव्य (hārayitavya)
अनाहार (anāhāra)
आहार (āhāra)
व्यवहार (vyavahāra)

Prefixed Root Forms

आहृ (āhṛ)
व्यवहृ (vyavahṛ)

Etymology 2 edit

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárH- (“vex; to be upset”), and cognate with Persian (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”).

Root edit

हृ • (hṛ)

to be angry or wroth

Derived terms edit

अभिहृणीथाः (abhihṛṇīthāḥ)
हृणान (hṛṇāna)
हृणीते (hṛṇīte)
हृणीथाः (hṛṇīthāḥ)

References edit

Monier Williams (1899) “हृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/1.
William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 207
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 803-4; 805
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 578-9; 604-5
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH2”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 440