ḥtp

See also: Htp and HTP

Egyptian

FWOTD – 27 May 2014

Pronunciation

 

• (verb participle): (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːtip/ → /ˈħaːtip/ → /ˈħaːtəp/ → /ˈħoːtəp/

• (verb participle): (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːtip/
• (verb participle): (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːtip/
• (verb participle): (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħaːtəp/
• (verb participle): (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈħoːtəp/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /hɛtɛp/, /hotɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: hetep, hotep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) content or satisfied (+ ḥr or m or (rarely, Late Period) r or (rarely, Greco-Roman Period) n: with) [since the Pyramid Texts]
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9:

     jr swrj.k ḥnꜥ tḫw šzp.k jw jb.f ḥtp.w

     If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.

2. (transitive, rare) to be(come) content or satisifed with [New Kingdom]
3. (intransitive) to be(come) propitious, gracious, favorable, not hostile (+ n: to)
4. (intransitive) to be(come) peaceful
   1. (intransitive) to be(come) peaceable, pacified, propitiated, not hostile (+ n: to)
   2. (intransitive) to reconcile with each other, to come to terms, to make peace
   3. (intransitive, of a besieged city) to surrender (+ n: to)
   4. (intransitive, of natural phenomena) to be(come) peaceful, calm, not stormy or raging
   5. (intransitive, of years) to be(come) peaceful, not characterized by war
5. (intransitive) to (come to) rest, to settle, to (stop and) rest (+ m: in, at (a place); ḥr: upon) [since the Middle Kingdom]
6. (intransitive, with r) to come to, to get to (a place) [18th Dynasty and Theban royal tombs]
7. (transitive) to assume, to take (a seat or place) [since the Middle Kingdom]
8. (transitive) to settle at, in, or on; to rest at (a place) [since the Middle Kingdom]
9. (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to set (+ m: on (the horizon), in (the west), etc.)

   Antonym: wbn

10. (transitive, rare) to satisfy, to make content [since the Middle Kingdom]
11. (transitive, rare) to reconcile (hostile parties) with each other [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of ḥtp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḥtp, geminated stem: ḥtpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ḥtp	ḥtpw, ḥtp	ḥtpt	ḥtp	ḥtp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ḥtp	ḥr ḥtp	m ḥtp	r ḥtp

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ḥtp.n	ḥtpw, ḥtp	consecutive	ḥtp.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ḥtpt
perfective3	ḥtp	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ḥtp.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ḥtp	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ḥtp	ḥtpp	potentialis1	ḥtp.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ḥtp	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ḥtp.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ḥtp	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥtp	ḥtp, ḥtpw5, ḥtpy5
imperfective	ḥtp, ḥtpy, ḥtpw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ḥtp, ḥtpj6, ḥtpy6	ḥtp, ḥtpw5
prospective	ḥtp, ḥtptj7	—	ḥtptj4, ḥtpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtp  

ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥpt
	[since the Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]
	uncommon	in hieratic	especially in hieratic	occasionally

Derived terms

• jꜥḥ-ḥtp
• jmn-ḥtp
• nfr-ḥtp
• nt-ḥtp
• rꜥ-ḥtp
• ḥtpw
• ḥtp-ḥr.s
• ḥtp-sḫmwj
• ḥtpt
• sbk-ḥtp
• sḥtp

 

Descendants

• Demotic: ḥtp
  • Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲡ̄ (hōtp̄), ϩⲱⲡⲧ̄ (hōpt̄)
• → English: hotep

Noun

 m

1. peace, lack of war or hostility
   • 12th Dynasty, Stela of Amenemhat, British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities, E567:

     ḏd.t(w) n.f jjw m ḥtp jn wrw nw ꜣbḏw

     May "welcome in peace" be said to him by the great of Abydos.

2. contentment, satisfaction
3. graciousness, favorableness, mercy [Middle and New Kingdoms]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtp  

ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtpw	ḥtp
[Middle and New Kingdoms]	[New Kingdom]	[since the 18th Dynasty]	[since the 18th Dynasty]	[Late Period]
especially in the sense ‘graciousness’	in the sense ‘graciousness’

Derived terms

• jj-m-ḥtp
• m ḥtp
• nfr-ḥtp.s
• ḥḏ-ḥtp

 

Noun

 m

1. offering table, altar [since the Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Declension of ḥtp (masculine)

singular	ḥtp
dual	ḥtpwj
plural	ḥtpw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtp  

ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp
		[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

Noun

 m

1. offering, sacrifice, especially of food [since the Pyramid Texts]
   • 12th Dynasty, Coffin of Nakht (PM 5999):

     ḥtp ḏj nswt wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ nb-ꜣbḏw […]

     An offering given by the king and Osiris, the Lord of Djedu, the Elder God, the Lord of Abydos […]

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtp  

ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtpw	ḥtp	ḥtp
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[since the Old Kingdom]	[Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]	[since the Pyramid Texts]
							in compounds

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥtp  

ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥpt	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtp	ḥtpw
[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[since the 19th Dynasty]
			occasionally

Derived terms

• ḥtp ḏj
• ḥtp ḏj nswt

 

Proper noun

 m

1. a male given name, Hetep or Hotep

References

• “ḥtp (lemma ID 111230)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “ḥtp.w (lemma ID 111260)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “ḥtp (lemma ID 111250)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[3], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “ḥtp (lemma ID 111210)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[4], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “ḥtp (lemma ID 854532)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[5], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• “ḥtp (lemma ID 400024)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[6], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[7], volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 183.4–183.7, 184.6–185.4, 185.21–192.10, 192.17–194.4, 194.7–194.9
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 179–180
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 274.