Egyptian
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Etymology
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From ḫft ( “ facing, opposite ” ) + -j ( “ nisba ending ” ) ; the noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.
Pronunciation
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Adjective
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opposing
Inflection
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Declension of
ḫftj (
nisba adjective)
masculine
feminine
singular
ḫftj
ḫftt
dual
ḫftjwj , ḫftwj
ḫfttj
plural
ḫftjw , ḫftw
ḫftwt 1 , ḫftt 2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫftj
m
enemy , adversary
18th Dynasty , Great Hymn to Osiris , Stela of Amenmose (Louvre C 286), lines 21–22:
mꜣꜥ.n.sn n zꜣ ꜣst ḫft(j) .f ḫr n qn.f To the son of Isis they have delivered his adversary , fallen through his (own) violence.
Inflection
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Declension of ḫftj (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫftj
Descendants
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Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉϥⲧ ( xeft )
Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁϥϯ ( šafti )
Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉϥϯ ( šefti )
Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁϥⲧⲉ ( šafte )
References
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James P[eter] Allen (2010 ) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , pages 40, 88, 91, 339 .
Hoch, James (1997 ) Middle Egyptian Grammar , Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN , page 71