ἀπόλλυμι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

ᾰ̓πο- (apo-, “away”) +‎ ὄλλῡμῐ (óllūmi, “to destroy”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /a.pól.lyː.mi/ → /aˈpol.ly.mi/ → /aˈpo.li.mi/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.pól.lyː.mi/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /aˈpol.ly.mi/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /aˈpol.ly.mi/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /aˈpol.ly.mi/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /aˈpo.li.mi/

Verb

ᾰ̓πόλλῡμῐ • (apóllūmi)

1. (active voice)
   1. to destroy utterly, kill, slay
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.758
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.268
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.648
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.49
      • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1454
      • 424 BCE, Euripides, Hecuba 946
      • 341 BCE, Demosthenes, On the Chersonese 70
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1360
      • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 892
      • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 470
      • 5th century BC, Pherecrates, Miners 1.20
      • 408 BCE – 334 BCE, Antiphanes Comicus, Philotis 1.8
      • 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Collected Works 92.26
   2. to lose utterly
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.46, (compare Iliad 18.82)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.354
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.861
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.350
      • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 26
      • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.51
      • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.4.11, (compare 7.2.22)
      • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 154C
2. (middle, passive, and perfect)
   1. to perish, die
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.117
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.166
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.303
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 3.87
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.126
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 10.27
      • 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1077, (compare Plutarch, Moralia 2.185E)
      • 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 355
      • AD 170–250, Philostratus, Collected Works 865
      • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 151
      • 4th century BC, Eubulus, Chrysilla 1
      • 342 BCE – 290 BCE, Menander, The Woman On Fire 1
      • 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, Collected Works 123A, (compare Plutarch, Moralia 2.469E)
      • 388 BCE, Aristophanes, Plutus 713, (compare 456)
      • 446 BCE – 386 BCE, Aristophanes, The Acharnians 865
      • 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 2
      • AD 125–200, Lucian, Dialogues of the Gods
   2. to be lost, slip away, vanish
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.586
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.117
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.186

Inflection

   Present: ἀπόλλῡμι, ἀπόλλῠμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπόλλῡμι	ἀπόλλῡς	ἀπόλλῡσῐ			ἀπόλλῠμεν	ἀπόλλῠτε	ἀπολλύ̆ᾱσῐ
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀπόλλῠμαι	ἀπόλλῠσαι	ἀπόλλῠται			ἀπολλύ̆μεθα	ἀπόλλῠσθε	ἀπόλλῠνται
	subjunctive
	optative
	imperative			ἀπολλύ̆σθω
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἀπολλύ̆ναι				ἀπόλλῠσθαι
participle	m	ἀπολλῡ́ς				ἀπολλύ̆μενος
	f
	n	ἀπολλύ̆ον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἀπώλλῠον/ἀπωλλύ̆μην, ἀπωλλύ̆μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπώλλῠον/ἀπωλλύ̆μην		ἀπώλλῡ/ἀπώλλῠε
middle/ passive	indicative	ἀπωλλύ̆μην		ἀπώλλῠτο					ἀπώλλῠντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀπολέω, ἀπολέομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπολέω	ἀπολέεις	ἀπολέει	ἀπολέετον	ἀπολέετον	ἀπολέομεν	ἀπολέετε	ἀπολέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολέοιμῐ	ἀπολέοις	ἀπολέοι	ἀπολέοιτον	ἀπολεοίτην	ἀπολέοιμεν	ἀπολέοιτε	ἀπολέοιεν
middle	indicative	ἀπολέομαι	ἀπολέῃ, ἀπολέει	ἀπολέεται	ἀπολέεσθον	ἀπολέεσθον	ἀπολεόμεθᾰ	ἀπολέεσθε	ἀπολέονται
	optative	ἀπολεοίμην	ἀπολέοιο	ἀπολέοιτο	ἀπολέοισθον	ἀπολεοίσθην	ἀπολεοίμεθᾰ	ἀπολέοισθε	ἀπολέοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἀπολέειν			ἀπολέεσθαι
participle	m	ἀπολέων			ἀπολεόμενος
	f	ἀπολέουσᾰ			ἀπολεομένη
	n	ἀπολέον			ἀπολεόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀπολῶ, ἀπολοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπολῶ	ἀπολεῖς	ἀπολεῖ	ἀπολεῖτον	ἀπολεῖτον	ἀπολοῦμεν	ἀπολεῖτε	ἀπολοῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολοίην, ἀπολοῖμῐ	ἀπολοίης, ἀπολοῖς	ἀπολοίη, ἀπολοῖ	ἀπολοῖτον, ἀπολοίητον	ἀπολοίτην, ἀπολοιήτην	ἀπολοῖμεν, ἀπολοίημεν	ἀπολοῖτε, ἀπολοίητε	ἀπολοῖεν, ἀπολοίησᾰν
middle	indicative	ἀπολοῦμαι	ἀπολῇ	ἀπολεῖται	ἀπολεῖσθον	ἀπολεῖσθον	ἀπολούμεθᾰ	ἀπολεῖσθε	ἀπολοῦνται
	optative	ἀπολοίμην	ἀπολοῖο	ἀπολοῖτο	ἀπολοῖσθον	ἀπολοίσθην	ἀπολοίμεθᾰ	ἀπολοῖσθε	ἀπολοῖντο
		active			middle
infinitive		ἀπολεῖν			ἀπολεῖσθαι
participle	m	ἀπολῶν			ἀπολούμενος
	f	ἀπολοῦσᾰ			ἀπολουμένη
	n	ἀπολοῦν			ἀπολούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἀπολέσω (Doric)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπολέσω	ἀπολέσεις	ἀπολέσει	ἀπολέσετον	ἀπολέσετον	ἀπολέσομες	ἀπολέσετε	ἀπολέσοντῐ
	optative	ἀπολέσοιμῐ	ἀπολέσοις	ἀπολέσοι	ἀπολέσοιτον	ἀπολεσοίτᾱν	ἀπολέσοιμες	ἀπολέσοιτε	ἀπολέσοιεν
		active
infinitive		ἀπολέσεν
participle	m	ἀπολέσων
	f	ἀπολέσουσᾰ
	n	ἀπολέσον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἀπώλεσᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπώλεσᾰ	ἀπώλεσᾰς	ἀπώλεσε(ν)	ἀπωλέσᾰτον	ἀπωλεσᾰ́την	ἀπωλέσᾰμεν	ἀπωλέσᾰτε	ἀπώλεσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀπολέσω	ἀπολέσῃς	ἀπολέσῃ	ἀπολέσητον	ἀπολέσητον	ἀπολέσωμεν	ἀπολέσητε	ἀπολέσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολέσαιμῐ	ἀπολέσειᾰς, ἀπολέσαις	ἀπολέσειε(ν), ἀπολέσαι	ἀπολέσαιτον	ἀπολεσαίτην	ἀπολέσαιμεν	ἀπολέσαιτε	ἀπολέσειᾰν, ἀπολέσαιεν
	imperative		ἀπόλεσον	ἀπολεσᾰ́τω	ἀπολέσᾰτον	ἀπολεσᾰ́των		ἀπολέσᾰτε	ἀπολεσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ἀπολέσαι
participle	m	ἀπολέσᾱς
	f	ἀπολέσᾱσᾰ
	n	ἀπολέσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἀπόλεσσᾰ (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπόλεσσᾰ	ἀπόλεσσᾰς	ἀπόλεσσε(ν)	ἀπολέσσᾰτον	ἀπολεσσᾰ́την	ἀπολέσσᾰμεν	ἀπολέσσᾰτε	ἀπόλεσσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἀπολέσσω, ἀπολέσσωμῐ	ἀπολέσσῃς, ἀπολέσσῃσθᾰ	ἀπολέσσῃ, ἀπολέσσῃσῐ	ἀπολέσσητον	ἀπολέσσητον	ἀπολέσσωμεν	ἀπολέσσητε	ἀπολέσσωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολέσσαιμῐ	ἀπολέσσαις, ἀπολέσσαισθᾰ, ἀπολέσσειᾰς	ἀπολέσσειε(ν), ἀπολέσσαι	ἀπολεσσεῖτον	ἀπολεσσείτην	ἀπολεσσεῖμεν	ἀπολεσσεῖτε	ἀπολεσσεῖεν
	imperative		ἀπόλεσσον	ἀπολεσσᾰ́τω	ἀπολέσσᾰτον	ἀπολεσσᾰ́των		ἀπολέσσᾰτε	ἀπολεσσᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		ἀπολέσσαι/ἀπολεσσᾰ́μεν/ἀπολεσσᾰμέναι
participle	m	ἀπολέσσᾱς
	f	ἀπολέσσᾱσᾰ
	n	ἀπολέσσᾰν
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἀπωλόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀπωλόμην	ἀπώλου	ἀπώλετο	ἀπώλεσθον	ἀπωλέσθην	ἀπωλόμεθᾰ	ἀπώλεσθε	ἀπώλοντο
	subjunctive	ἀπόλωμαι	ἀπόλῃ	ἀπόληται	ἀπόλησθον	ἀπόλησθον	ἀπολώμεθᾰ	ἀπόλησθε	ἀπόλωνται
	optative	ἀπολοίμην	ἀπόλοιο	ἀπόλοιτο	ἀπόλοισθον	ἀπολοίσθην	ἀπολοίμεθᾰ	ἀπόλοισθε	ἀπόλοιντο
	imperative		ἀπολοῦ	ἀπολέσθω	ἀπόλεσθον	ἀπολέσθων		ἀπόλεσθε	ἀπολέσθων
					middle
infinitive					ἀπολέσθαι
participle	m				ἀπολόμενος
	f				ἀπολομένη
	n				ἀπολόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἀπολόμην (Epic unaugmented)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἀπολόμην	ἀπόλου	ἀπόλετο	ἀπόλεσθον	ἀπολέσθην	ἀπολόμεθᾰ	ἀπόλεσθε	ἀπόλοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἀπολώλεκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπολώλεκᾰ	ἀπολώλεκᾰς	ἀπολώλεκε(ν)	ἀπολωλέκᾰτον	ἀπολωλέκᾰτον	ἀπολωλέκᾰμεν	ἀπολωλέκᾰτε	ἀπολωλέκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀπολωλέκω	ἀπολωλέκῃς	ἀπολωλέκῃ	ἀπολωλέκητον	ἀπολωλέκητον	ἀπολωλέκωμεν	ἀπολωλέκητε	ἀπολωλέκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολωλέκοιμῐ, ἀπολωλεκοίην	ἀπολωλέκοις, ἀπολωλεκοίης	ἀπολωλέκοι, ἀπολωλεκοίη	ἀπολωλέκοιτον	ἀπολωλεκοίτην	ἀπολωλέκοιμεν	ἀπολωλέκοιτε	ἀπολωλέκοιεν
	imperative		ἀπολώλεκε	ἀπολωλεκέτω	ἀπολωλέκετον	ἀπολωλεκέτων		ἀπολωλέκετε	ἀπολωλεκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἀπολωλεκέναι
participle	m	ἀπολωλεκώς
	f	ἀπολωλεκυῖᾰ
	n	ἀπολωλεκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἀπόλωλᾰ (active with middle meaning)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἀπόλωλᾰ	ἀπόλωλᾰς	ἀπόλωλε(ν)	ἀπολώλᾰτον	ἀπολώλᾰτον	ἀπολώλᾰμεν	ἀπολώλᾰτε	ἀπολώλᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἀπολώλω	ἀπολώλῃς	ἀπολώλῃ	ἀπολώλητον	ἀπολώλητον	ἀπολώλωμεν	ἀπολώλητε	ἀπολώλωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἀπολώλοιμῐ, ἀπολωλοίην	ἀπολώλοις, ἀπολωλοίης	ἀπολώλοι, ἀπολωλοίη	ἀπολώλοιτον	ἀπολωλοίτην	ἀπολώλοιμεν	ἀπολώλοιτε	ἀπολώλοιεν
	imperative		ἀπόλωλε	ἀπολωλέτω	ἀπολώλετον	ἀπολωλέτων		ἀπολώλετε	ἀπολωλόντων
		active
infinitive		ἀπολωλέναι
participle	m	ἀπολωλώς
	f	ἀπολωλυῖᾰ
	n	ἀπολωλός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

References

• “ἀπόλλυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἀπόλλυμι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἀπόλλυμι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἀπόλλυμι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἀπόλλυμι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• ἀπόλλυμι in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G622 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible