ἐπιχθόνιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπι- (epi-, “on”) +‎ χθών (khthṓn, “earth”) +‎ -ῐος (-ios).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.pikʰ.tʰó.ni.os/ → /e.pixˈθo.ni.os/ → /e.pixˈθo.ni.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pikʰ.tʰó.ni.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.pikʰˈtʰo.ni.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.pixˈθo.ni.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.pixˈθo.ni.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.pixˈθo.ni.os/

Adjective

ἐπιχθόνῐος • (epikhthónios) m (feminine ἐπιχθονίᾱ, neuter ἐπιχθόνῐον); first/second declension

1. (chiefly Epic) earthly, dwelling on Earth

Declension

First and second declension of ἐπιχθόνῐος; ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ; ἐπιχθόνῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἐπιχθόνῐος epikhthónios	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion		ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō		ἐπιχθόνῐοι epikhthónioi	ἐπιχθόνῐαι epikhthóniai	ἐπιχθόνῐᾰ epikhthónia
Genitive		ἐπιχθονῐ́ου epikhthoníou	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱς epikhthoníās	ἐπιχθονῐ́ου epikhthoníou		ἐπιχθονῐ́οιν epikhthoníoin	ἐπιχθονῐ́αιν epikhthoníain	ἐπιχθονῐ́οιν epikhthoníoin		ἐπιχθονῐ́ων epikhthoníōn	ἐπιχθονῐ́ων epikhthoníōn	ἐπιχθονῐ́ων epikhthoníōn
Dative		ἐπιχθονῐ́ῳ epikhthoníōi	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾳ epikhthoníāi	ἐπιχθονῐ́ῳ epikhthoníōi		ἐπιχθονῐ́οιν epikhthoníoin	ἐπιχθονῐ́αιν epikhthoníain	ἐπιχθονῐ́οιν epikhthoníoin		ἐπιχθονῐ́οις epikhthoníois	ἐπιχθονῐ́αις epikhthoníais	ἐπιχθονῐ́οις epikhthoníois
Accusative		ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱν epikhthoníān	ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion		ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō		ἐπιχθονῐ́ους epikhthoníous	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱς epikhthoníās	ἐπιχθόνῐᾰ epikhthónia
Vocative		ἐπιχθόνῐε epikhthónie	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion		ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō		ἐπιχθόνῐοι epikhthónioi	ἐπιχθόνῐαι epikhthóniai	ἐπιχθόνῐᾰ epikhthónia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἐπιχθονῐ́ως epikhthoníōs				ἐπιχθονῐώτερος epikhthoniṓteros				ἐπιχθονῐώτᾰτος epikhthoniṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First and second declension of ἐπιχθόνῐος; ἐπιχθονῐ́η; ἐπιχθόνῐον (Epic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		ἐπιχθόνῐος epikhthónios	ἐπιχθονῐ́η epikhthoníē	ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion		ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō		ἐπιχθόνῐοι epikhthónioi	ἐπιχθόνῐαι epikhthóniai	ἐπιχθόνῐᾰ epikhthónia
Genitive		ἐπιχθονῐ́ου / ἐπιχθονῐοῖο / ἐπιχθονῐ́οιο / ἐπιχθονῐόο / ἐπιχθονῐ́οο epikhthoníou / epikhthonioîo / epikhthoníoio / epikhthonióo / epikhthoníoo	ἐπιχθονῐ́ης epikhthoníēs	ἐπιχθονῐ́ου / ἐπιχθονῐοῖο / ἐπιχθονῐ́οιο / ἐπιχθονῐόο / ἐπιχθονῐ́οο epikhthoníou / epikhthonioîo / epikhthoníoio / epikhthonióo / epikhthoníoo		ἐπιχθονῐ́οιῐν epikhthoníoiin	ἐπιχθονῐ́αιν / ἐπιχθονῐ́αιῐν / ἐπιχθονῐ́ῃῐν epikhthoníai(i)n / epikhthoníēiin	ἐπιχθονῐ́οιῐν epikhthoníoiin		ἐπιχθονῐ́ων epikhthoníōn	ἐπιχθονῐᾱ́ων / ἐπιχθονῐέ͜ων / ἐπιχθονῐῶν epikhthoniā́ōn / epikhthonié͜ōn / epikhthoniôn	ἐπιχθονῐ́ων epikhthoníōn
Dative		ἐπιχθονῐ́ῳ epikhthoníōi	ἐπιχθονῐ́ῃ epikhthoníēi	ἐπιχθονῐ́ῳ epikhthoníōi		ἐπιχθονῐ́οιῐν epikhthoníoiin	ἐπιχθονῐ́αιν / ἐπιχθονῐ́αιῐν / ἐπιχθονῐ́ῃῐν epikhthoníai(i)n / epikhthoníēiin	ἐπιχθονῐ́οιῐν epikhthoníoiin		ἐπιχθονῐ́οισῐ / ἐπιχθονῐ́οισῐν / ἐπιχθονῐ́οις epikhthoníoisi(n) / epikhthoníois	ἐπιχθονῐ́ῃσῐ / ἐπιχθονῐ́ῃσῐν / ἐπιχθονῐ́ῃς / ἐπιχθονῐ́αις epikhthoníēisi(n) / epikhthoníēis / epikhthoníais	ἐπιχθονῐ́οισῐ / ἐπιχθονῐ́οισῐν / ἐπιχθονῐ́οις epikhthoníoisi(n) / epikhthoníois
Accusative		ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion	ἐπιχθονῐ́ην epikhthoníēn	ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion		ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō		ἐπιχθονῐ́ους epikhthoníous	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱς epikhthoníās	ἐπιχθόνῐᾰ epikhthónia
Vocative		ἐπιχθόνῐε epikhthónie	ἐπιχθονῐ́η epikhthoníē	ἐπιχθόνῐον epikhthónion		ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō	ἐπιχθονῐ́ᾱ epikhthoníā	ἐπιχθονῐ́ω epikhthoníō		ἐπιχθόνῐοι epikhthónioi	ἐπιχθόνῐαι epikhthóniai	ἐπιχθόνῐᾰ epikhthónia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		ἐπιχθονῐ́ως epikhthoníōs				ἐπιχθονῐώτερος epikhthoniṓteros				ἐπιχθονῐώτᾰτος epikhthoniṓtatos
Notes:		Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Further reading

• “ἐπιχθόνιος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐπιχθόνιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐπιχθόνιος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἐπιχθόνιος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐπιχθόνιος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter