ἔαρ
See also: έαρ
Ancient Greek edit
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /é.ar/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈe.ar/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈe.ar/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈe.ar/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈe.ar/
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Hellenic *éhər, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂r̥. Cognates include Hittite 𒂊𒌍𒄯 (ēšḫar), Sanskrit असृज् (asṛj), Old Armenian արիւն (ariwn), Latin sanguis and Old Latin assyr.
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension
- blood, gore
- Oppian of Corycus, Halieutica 2.616–18:
- οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπαΐγδην γενύεσσι
σάρκας ἀφαρπάζουσι καὶ ἀρτιχύτοιο φόνοιο
θερμὸν ἔαρ λάπτουσιν·- hoi mèn gàr epaḯgdēn genúessi
sárkas apharpázousi kaì artikhútoio phónoio
thermòn éar láptousin; - They rush upon him and rend his flesh with their jaws and lap the warm gore of new-shed blood.
- hoi mèn gàr epaḯgdēn genúessi
- οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἐπαΐγδην γενύεσσι
- juice
Declension edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἔᾰρ tò éar |
τὼ ἔᾰρε tṑ éare |
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ tà éara | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἔᾰρος toû éaros |
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν toîn eároin |
τῶν ἐᾰ́ρων tôn eárōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἔᾰρῐ tôi éari |
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν toîn eároin |
τοῖς ἔᾰρσῐ / ἔᾰρσῐν toîs éarsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἔᾰρ tò éar |
τὼ ἔᾰρε tṑ éare |
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ tà éara | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἔᾰρ éar |
ἔᾰρε éare |
ἔᾰρᾰ éara | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Hellenic *wéhər, from Proto-Indo-European *wésr̥. Cognates include Latin ver, Persian بهار (bahâr), Sanskrit वसन्त (vasantá) and वसर् (vasar, “morning”), Old Norse vár, Old Armenian գարուն (garun), Old Church Slavonic весна (vesna).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
ἔᾰρ • (éar) n (genitive ἔᾰρος); third declension
- spring (season)
- Homer, Iliad 6.147:
- φύλλα τὰ μέν τ’ ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θ’ ὕλη
τηλεθόωσα φύει, ἔαρος δ’ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρη·- phúlla tà mén t’ ánemos khamádis khéei, álla dé th’ húlē
tēlethóōsa phúei, éaros d’ epigígnetai hṓrē; - The wind sheds the leaves upon the ground, but the flourishing forest brings them forth, and they follow the season of spring.
- phúlla tà mén t’ ánemos khamádis khéei, álla dé th’ húlē
- φύλλα τὰ μέν τ’ ἄνεμος χαμάδις χέει, ἄλλα δέ θ’ ὕλη
- Homer, Odyssey 19.518:
- ὡς δ’ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,
καλὸν ἀείδῃσιν ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο, ...- hōs d’ hóte Pandaréou koúrē, khlōrēï̀s aēdṓn,
kalòn aeídēisin éaros néon histaménoio, ... - As the daughter of Pandareus, the nightingale of the greenwood, beautifully sings when spring is not long begun, ...
- hōs d’ hóte Pandaréou koúrē, khlōrēï̀s aēdṓn,
- ὡς δ’ ὅτε Πανδαρέου κούρη, χλωρηῒς ἀηδών,
- prime, freshness, flower
- Theocritus, Collected Works 13.45:
- ἔαρ ὁρᾶν
- éar horân
- ἔαρ ὁρᾶν
- Palatine Anthology 6.242:
- γενύων ἔαρ
- genúōn éar
- γενύων ἔαρ
- Palatine Anthology 7.12:
- ὕπνων ἔαρ
- húpnōn éar
- ὕπνων ἔαρ
- Inscriptiones Graecae 511:
- Χαρίτων ἔαρ
- Kharítōn éar
- Χαρίτων ἔαρ
Declension edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ ἔᾰρ tò éar |
τὼ ἔᾰρε tṑ éare |
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ tà éara | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ἔᾰρος toû éaros |
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν toîn eároin |
τῶν ἐᾰ́ρων tôn eárōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ἔᾰρῐ tôi éari |
τοῖν ἐᾰ́ροιν toîn eároin |
τοῖς ἔᾰρσῐ / ἔᾰρσῐν toîs éarsi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ ἔᾰρ tò éar |
τὼ ἔᾰρε tṑ éare |
τᾰ̀ ἔᾰρᾰ tà éara | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἔᾰρ éar |
ἔᾰρε éare |
ἔᾰρᾰ éara | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms edit
- μία χελιδὼν ἔαρ οὐ ποιεῖ (mía khelidṑn éar ou poieî)
Descendants edit
- Greek: έαρ (éar)
References edit
- “ἔαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἔαρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἔαρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἔαρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἔαρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἔαρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἔαρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- spring idem, page 805.