ἔμπροσθεν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἔμπροσθε (émprosthe) — before consonants

Etymology

From ἐν (en, “in”) +‎ πρόσθεν (prósthen, “before”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ém.pros.tʰen/ → /ˈem.pros.θen/ → /ˈem.bros.θen/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ém.pros.tʰen/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈem.pros.tʰen/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈem.pros.θen/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈem.pros.θen/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈem.bros.θen/

Adverb

ἔμπροσθεν • (émprosthen)

1. (of place) before, in front
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.126
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.2.23
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.62
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.61
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.89
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 2.2.6
2. (of time) before, earlier, of old
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedrus 277D
   • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 448E
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 773E

Preposition

ἔμπροσθεν • (émprosthen) (governs the genitive)

1. before
   1. (of place)
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.87
   2. (of time)
      • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.144
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, First Philippic 39
   3. (of degree)
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Dionysodorus 50

Further reading

• “ἔμπροσθεν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔμπροσθεν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ἔμπροσθεν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἔμπροσθεν in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• G1715 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • above idem, page 3.
  • ahead idem, page 20.
  • before idem, page 69.
  • front idem, page 346.
  • preference idem, page 634.