Ὠκεανός

See also: Ωκεανός, ωκεανός, and ὠκεανός

Ancient Greek edit

Etymology edit

Uncertain. Generally acknowledged to be a non-Indo-European substrate loan. A possible relationship with the Semitic root ʕ-w-g "to be crooked, tortuous" has been discussed.^[1] Another possibility includes a derivation from non-attested Sumerian *A-ki-an(u) (Water of the Land and Heaven).^[2]

Beekes suggests a Pre-Greek *ūkʲān-.^[3] Michael Janda has reminded the scientific community of an earlier comparison^[4] with the Vedic dragon Vṛtra's attribute āśáyāna- “lying on [the waters]”, claiming it to be an exact phonetical transposition of the Greek word, both stemming from Proto-Indo-European *ō-kei-m̥[h₁]no- (“lying on”), related to κεῖται (keîtai, “to lie”).

Pronunciation edit

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɔː.ke.a.nós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /o.ke.aˈnos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /o.ce.aˈnos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /o.ce.aˈnos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /o.ce.aˈnos/

Hyphenation: Ὠ‧κε‧α‧νός

Proper noun edit

Ὠκεᾰνός • (Ōkeanós) m (genitive Ὠκεᾰνοῦ); second declension

Oceanus, a Greek water god usually said to be a Titan, one of the sons of Uranus and Gaia.
The great freshwater river thought to encompass the world.
The great saline outer sea (the Atlantic), as opposed to the Mediterranean.

Inflection edit

Second declension of ὁ Ὠκεᾰνός; τοῦ Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Ὠκεᾰνός ho Ōkeanós	τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ tṑ Ōkeanṓ	οἱ Ὠκεᾰνοί hoi Ōkeanoí
Genitive	τοῦ Ὠκεᾰνοῦ toû Ōkeanoû	τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν toîn Ōkeanoîn	τῶν Ὠκεᾰνῶν tôn Ōkeanôn
Dative	τῷ Ὠκεᾰνῷ tôi Ōkeanôi	τοῖν Ὠκεᾰνοῖν toîn Ōkeanoîn	τοῖς Ὠκεᾰνοῖς toîs Ōkeanoîs
Accusative	τὸν Ὠκεᾰνόν tòn Ōkeanón	τὼ Ὠκεᾰνώ tṑ Ōkeanṓ	τοὺς Ὠκεᾰνούς toùs Ōkeanoús
Vocative	Ὠκεᾰνέ Ōkeané	Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ	Ὠκεᾰνοί Ōkeanoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of Ὠκεᾰνός; Ὠκεᾰνοῦ (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	Ὠκεᾰνός Ōkeanós	Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ	Ὠκεᾰνοί Ōkeanoí
Genitive	Ὠκεᾰνοῦ / Ὠκεᾰνοῖο / Ὠκεᾰνόο Ōkeanoû / Ōkeanoîo / Ōkeanóo	Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν Ōkeanoîin	Ὠκεᾰνῶν Ōkeanôn
Dative	Ὠκεᾰνῷ Ōkeanôi	Ὠκεᾰνοῖῐν Ōkeanoîin	Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐ / Ὠκεᾰνοῖσῐν / Ὠκεᾰνοῖς Ōkeanoîsi(n) / Ōkeanoîs
Accusative	Ὠκεᾰνόν Ōkeanón	Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ	Ὠκεᾰνούς Ōkeanoús
Vocative	Ὠκεᾰνέ Ōkeané	Ὠκεᾰνώ Ōkeanṓ	Ὠκεᾰνοί Ōkeanoí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms edit

Ὠκεᾰνῐ́ς (Ōkeanís)

Descendants edit

→ English: ocean, Ocean, Oceanus, Okeanos
Greek: Ωκεανός (Okeanós)
→ Latin: Ōceanus, Ōcianus
- French: Océan
- Italian: Oceano
- Sicilian: Ucìanu
→ Russian: океа́н (okeán)
→ Turkish: Okyanus
→ Arabic: أُوقْيَانُوس (ʔūqyānūs)

References edit

“Ὠκεανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Ὠκεανός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“Ὠκεανός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
“Ὠκεανός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,018
Michael Janda: Die Musik nach dem Chaos. Der Schöpfungsmythos der europäischen Vorzeit. Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck 2010, p. 57 ff.

^ Joaquín Sanmartín, Glossary of Old Syrian [GlOS] Preprint 7: ʔ - x(ḫ). Updated March 2016, p. 240
^ Bernal, Martin: Black Athena: The archaeological and documentary evidence. Rutgers University Press, 1987, Chapter 7, page 301
^ Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 1677
^ Traced back to Adalbert Kuhn, ὠκεανός, in: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiet des Deutschen, Griechischen und Lateinischen, vol. 9 (1860), 240, who had refined an earlier suggestion by Theodor Benfey.

[1] Joaquín Sanmartín, Glossary of Old Syrian [GlOS] Preprint 7: ʔ - x(ḫ). Updated March 2016, p. 240

[2] Bernal, Martin: Black Athena: The archaeological and documentary evidence. Rutgers University Press, 1987, Chapter 7, page 301

[3] Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, p. 1677

[4] Traced back to Adalbert Kuhn, ὠκεανός, in: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiet des Deutschen, Griechischen und Lateinischen, vol. 9 (1860), 240, who had refined an earlier suggestion by Theodor Benfey.

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