ῥαφανίς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ῥεφανίς (rhephanís) — later

Etymology

From the same set of Proto-Indo-European roots meaning turnip, radish as ῥάφυς (rháphus), ῥάπυς (rhápus, “turnip”), though inconsistencies in the reflexes seem to point to heavy borrowing. Compare Latin rāpum, rāpa, rāpistrum, Old High German ruoba (German Rübe), Proto-Slavic *rěpa (Old Church Slavonic репа (repa)), and Lithuanian rópė. Also see ῥάφανος (rháphanos, “cabbage”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /r̥a.pʰa.nǐːs/ → /ra.ɸaˈnis/ → /ra.faˈnis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥a.pʰa.nǐːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ra.pʰaˈnis/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ra.ɸaˈnis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ra.faˈnis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ra.faˈnis/

Noun

ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς • (rhaphanī́s) f (genitive ῥᾰφᾰνῖδος); third declension

1. radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus syn. Raphanus sativus)
2. (with ἀγρία) Raphanus raphanistrum

Usage notes

All sources point to the final iota being long but Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 2.56e claims that a short iota is common.

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς; τῆς ῥᾰφᾰνῖδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς hē rhaphanī́s	τὼ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδε tṑ rhaphanîde	αἱ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδες hai rhaphanîdes
Genitive	τῆς ῥᾰφᾰνῖδος tês rhaphanîdos	τοῖν ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δοιν toîn rhaphanī́doin	τῶν ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δων tôn rhaphanī́dōn
Dative	τῇ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδῐ têi rhaphanîdi	τοῖν ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δοιν toîn rhaphanī́doin	ταῖς ῥᾰφᾰνῖσῐ / ῥᾰφᾰνῖσῐν taîs rhaphanîsi(n)
Accusative	τὴν ῥᾰφᾰνῖδᾰ tḕn rhaphanîda	τὼ ῥᾰφᾰνῖδε tṑ rhaphanîde	τᾱ̀ς ῥᾰφᾰνῖδᾰς tā̀s rhaphanîdas
Vocative	ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́ς rhaphanī́s	ῥᾰφᾰνῖδε rhaphanîde	ῥᾰφᾰνῖδες rhaphanîdes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Synonyms

• ῥᾰ́φᾰνος (rháphanos)

Derived terms

• ῥᾰφᾰνίδωσις (rhaphanídōsis)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῖτῐς (rhaphanîtis) (perhaps)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῑδόω (rhaphanīdóō)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῑδώδης (rhaphanīdṓdēs)
• ῥᾰφᾰνῑ́δῐον (rhaphanī́dion)

 

Related terms

• ῥᾰφᾰ́νη (rhaphánē)
• ῥᾰ́φᾰνος (rháphanos)

 

References

• “ῥαφανίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ῥαφανίς”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ῥαφανίς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • radish idem, page 668.