ῥομφαία
Ancient Greek edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Thracian, ultimately possibly from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to break”), likely closely related to Albanian rrufé (“lightning”).[1] However the ending in -αία (-aía) is also found in many Greek terms such as κεραία (keraía), καμιναία (kaminaía), αὐλαία (aulaía). Formally closer to ῥομφεῖς (rhompheîs, “straps by which shoes are stitched”).[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /r̥om.pʰǎi̯.aː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /romˈpʰɛ.a/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /romˈɸɛ.a/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /romˈfe.a/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /romˈfe.a/
Noun edit
ῥομφαίᾱ • (rhomphaíā) f (genitive ῥομφαίᾱς); first declension
Inflection edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ ῥομφαίᾱ hē rhomphaíā |
τὼ ῥομφαίᾱ tṑ rhomphaíā |
αἱ ῥομφαῖαι hai rhomphaîai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς ῥομφαίᾱς tês rhomphaíās |
τοῖν ῥομφαίαιν toîn rhomphaíain |
τῶν ῥομφαιῶν tôn rhomphaiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ têi rhomphaíāi |
τοῖν ῥομφαίαιν toîn rhomphaíain |
ταῖς ῥομφαίαις taîs rhomphaíais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν ῥομφαίᾱν tḕn rhomphaíān |
τὼ ῥομφαίᾱ tṑ rhomphaíā |
τᾱ̀ς ῥομφαίᾱς tā̀s rhomphaíās | ||||||||||
Vocative | ῥομφαίᾱ rhomphaíā |
ῥομφαίᾱ rhomphaíā |
ῥομφαῖαι rhomphaîai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants edit
- → Latin: rhomphaea
References edit
- ^ Duridanov, Ivan Vasiliev (1985) “romphaia”, in Die Sprache der Thraker [The Language of the Thracians] (Bulgarische Sammlung; 5) (in German), Hieronymus Verlag, →ISBN, page 13
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥομφαία”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1291
Further reading edit
- “ῥομφαία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ῥομφαία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.