Ῥωμαῖος

See also: Ρωμαίος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē, “Rome”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /r̥ɔː.mâi̯.os/ → /roˈmɛ.os/ → /roˈme.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥ɔː.mâi̯.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /roˈmɛ.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /roˈmɛ.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /roˈme.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /roˈme.os/

Adjective

Ῥωμαῖος • (Rhōmaîos) m (feminine Ῥωμαίᾱ, neuter Ῥωμαῖον); first/second declension

1. Roman

Inflection

First and second declension of Ῥωμαῖος; Ῥωμαίᾱ; Ῥωμαῖον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		Ῥωμαῖος Rhōmaîos	Ῥωμαίᾱ Rhōmaíā	Ῥωμαῖον Rhōmaîon		Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō	Ῥωμαίᾱ Rhōmaíā	Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō		Ῥωμαῖοι Rhōmaîoi	Ῥωμαῖαι Rhōmaîai	Ῥωμαῖᾰ Rhōmaîa
Genitive		Ῥωμαίου Rhōmaíou	Ῥωμαίᾱς Rhōmaíās	Ῥωμαίου Rhōmaíou		Ῥωμαίοιν Rhōmaíoin	Ῥωμαίαιν Rhōmaíain	Ῥωμαίοιν Rhōmaíoin		Ῥωμαίων Rhōmaíōn	Ῥωμαίων Rhōmaíōn	Ῥωμαίων Rhōmaíōn
Dative		Ῥωμαίῳ Rhōmaíōi	Ῥωμαίᾳ Rhōmaíāi	Ῥωμαίῳ Rhōmaíōi		Ῥωμαίοιν Rhōmaíoin	Ῥωμαίαιν Rhōmaíain	Ῥωμαίοιν Rhōmaíoin		Ῥωμαίοις Rhōmaíois	Ῥωμαίαις Rhōmaíais	Ῥωμαίοις Rhōmaíois
Accusative		Ῥωμαῖον Rhōmaîon	Ῥωμαίᾱν Rhōmaíān	Ῥωμαῖον Rhōmaîon		Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō	Ῥωμαίᾱ Rhōmaíā	Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō		Ῥωμαίους Rhōmaíous	Ῥωμαίᾱς Rhōmaíās	Ῥωμαῖᾰ Rhōmaîa
Vocative		Ῥωμαῖε Rhōmaîe	Ῥωμαίᾱ Rhōmaíā	Ῥωμαῖον Rhōmaîon		Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō	Ῥωμαίᾱ Rhōmaíā	Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō		Ῥωμαῖοι Rhōmaîoi	Ῥωμαῖαι Rhōmaîai	Ῥωμαῖᾰ Rhōmaîa
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		Ῥωμαίως Rhōmaíōs				Ῥωμαιότερος Rhōmaióteros				Ῥωμαιότᾰτος Rhōmaiótatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Noun

Ῥωμαῖος • (Rhōmaîos) m (genitive Ῥωμαίου); second declension

1. a Roman
2. an inhabitant of Rome
3. a citizen of the Roman Republic or the Roman Empire
4. (in the Byzantine Empire) a citizen of the Byzantine Empire
5. a Roman Christian
6. (in the Byzantine Empire, after the Great Schism) an Eastern Orthodox Christian
7. (in Greek Christendom) a Greek

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ Ῥωμαῖος; τοῦ Ῥωμαίου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Ῥωμαῖος ho Rhōmaîos	τὼ Ῥωμαίω tṑ Rhōmaíō	οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι hoi Rhōmaîoi
Genitive	τοῦ Ῥωμαίου toû Rhōmaíou	τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν toîn Rhōmaíoin	τῶν Ῥωμαίων tôn Rhōmaíōn
Dative	τῷ Ῥωμαίῳ tôi Rhōmaíōi	τοῖν Ῥωμαίοιν toîn Rhōmaíoin	τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις toîs Rhōmaíois
Accusative	τὸν Ῥωμαῖον tòn Rhōmaîon	τὼ Ῥωμαίω tṑ Rhōmaíō	τοὺς Ῥωμαίους toùs Rhōmaíous
Vocative	Ῥωμαῖε Rhōmaîe	Ῥωμαίω Rhōmaíō	Ῥωμαῖοι Rhōmaîoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Related terms

• Ῥωμανός (Rhōmanós)
• Ῥωμανία (Rhōmanía)

Descendants

• Greek: Ρωμιός (Romiós, “(Byzantine) Greek”), Ρωμιοί pl (Romioí); Ρωμαίος (Romaíos, “Roman”), Ρωμαίοι pl (Romaíoi)
• Mariupol Greek: руме́юс (rumjéjus)
• → Arabic: رُوم (rūm)
• → Coptic: ⲣⲱⲙⲉⲟⲥ (rōmeos)
• → English: Rhomaian
• → Late Latin: Rōmaeus, Rōmaei pl
  • Italo-Romance:
    • Italian: romeo
    • Sicilian: Rumìu, Rumeu
  • Padanian:
    • Piedmontese: romé
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • ⇒ Franco-Provençal: romeâjo
  • Southern Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: romeu
    • Occitan: romiu, romieu
  • Southern Gallo-Romance:
    • Old Leonese: romío
    • Old Galician-Portuguese: romeu
      • → Galician: romeiro (semi-learned)
      • → Portuguese: romeiro (semi-learned)
    • Old Spanish: romeo
      • → Spanish: romero (semi-learned)
• → Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭠𐭣𐭩𐭪 (Hrōmāy-īg)
• → Old Armenian: հռովմայ-ական (hṙovmay-akan), հռովմայ-եցի (hṙovmay-ecʿi)
  • Armenian: հռոմեական (hṙomeakan), հռոմեացի (hṙomeacʿi)
• → Sogdian: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫗 (βrʾwmʾyʾn /⁠frōmāyān⁠/, “Roman, Byzantine”)

References

• “Ῥωμαῖος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Ῥωμαῖος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• G4514 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • rome idem, page 721.