おどろく
Japanese edit
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 驚く 愕く 駭く |
Etymology edit
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimate derivation unclear. Possibilities include:
- Cognate with, or otherwise alteration from, 轟く (todoroku, “to make a loud noise, as when surprised”)
- Derived from apparent conjugation form odo from 怖づ (odu, odzu, “to be afraid, to be scared of something”, modern verb 怖じる, ojiru), plus uncertain suffix -roku
Pronunciation edit
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "驚く"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
驚く | おどろく | [òdóróꜜkù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 驚け | おどろけ | [òdóróꜜkè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 驚かれる | おどろかれる | [òdórókáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 驚かせる | おどろかせる | [òdórókáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 驚ける | おどろける | [òdórókéꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 驚こう | おどろこー | [òdórókóꜜò] |
| Negative | 驚かない | おどろかない | [òdórókáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 驚かなかった | おどろかなかった | [òdórókáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 驚きます | おどろきます | [òdórókímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 驚いた | おどろいた | [òdóróꜜìtà] |
| Conjunctive | 驚いて | おどろいて | [òdóróꜜìtè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 驚けば | おどろけば | [òdóróꜜkèbà] |
Verb edit
おどろく • (odoroku) intransitive godan (stem おどろき (odoroki), past おどろいた (odoroita))
- to be astonished, surprised, amazed, startled
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
- この革命の物語やその後の出来事は、驚くに当たらない。
- Kono kakumei no monogatari ya sono ato no dekigoto wa, odoroku ni ataranai.
- The story of this revolution, and the ones that followed, should not have come as a surprise.
- この革命の物語やその後の出来事は、驚くに当たらない。
- 1956, Kawabata, Snow Country:
- 彼が驚いて離させると深い歯型がついていた。
- Kare ga odoroite hanasaseru to fukai hagata ga tsuite ita.
- Startled, he pulled her arm away: deep tooth marks were on it.
- 彼が驚いて離させると深い歯型がついていた。
- Kare ga odoroite hanasaseru to fukai hagata ga tsuite ita.
- Startled, he pulled her arm away: deep tooth marks were on it.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "おどろく" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | おどろか | odoroka | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | おどろき | odoroki | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | おどろく | odoroku | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | おどろく | odoroku | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | おどろけ | odoroke | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | おどろけ | odoroke | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | おどろかれる | odorokareru | |
| Causative | おどろかせる おどろかす |
odorokaseru odorokasu | |
| Potential | おどろける | odorokeru | |
| Volitional | おどろこう | odorokō | |
| Negative | おどろかない | odorokanai | |
| Negative continuative | おどろかず | odorokazu | |
| Formal | おどろきます | odorokimasu | |
| Perfective | おどろいた | odoroita | |
| Conjunctive | おどろいて | odoroite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | おどろけば | odorokeba | |
Synonyms edit
- びっくりする (bikkuri suru)
References edit
- ^ “驚・愕・駭”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN