しかり

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
然り 爾り

/ɕika ari/ → /ɕikari/

Contraction of earlier form shika ari, from しか (shika, “like so”) + あり (ari, “to be”, the classical copula), literally meaning to be like so, to be thus.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しか​り [shìkáꜜrì] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕika̠ɾʲi]

Verb

しかり • (shikari) intransitive ^†-ri

1. (formal) to be like so, to be thus

   逆(ぎゃく)も然(しか)り

   gyaku mo shikari

   the reverse is also true; vice versa

Usage notes

Note that the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) and 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) are the same for rahen verbs: the classical and formal versions of modern ある (aru), おる (oru), and derivatives.

Conjugation

Classical conjugation of "然り" (ラ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	然ら	しから	sikara
Continuative (連用形)	然り	しかり	sikari
Terminal (終止形)	然り	しかり	sikari
Attributive (連体形)	然る	しかる	sikaru
Realis (已然形)	然れ	しかれ	sikare
Imperative (命令形)	然れ	しかれ	sikare
Key constructions
Negative	然らず	しからず	sikarazu
Contrasting conjunction	然れど	しかれど	sikaredo
Causal conjunction	然れば	しかれば	sikareba
Conditional conjunction	然らば	しからば	sikaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	然りき	しかりき	sikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	然りけり	しかりけり	sikarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	然りつ	しかりつ	sikaritu
Perfect tense (natural event)	然りぬ	しかりぬ	sikarinu
Perfect-continuative tense	然りたり[1]	しかりたり	sikaritari
Volitional	然らむ	しからむ	sikaramu
[1]Often proscribed due to a redundancy of having 2 あり.

Etymology 2

Alternative spellings
叱り 叱 呵り 呵

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb しかる (shikaru, “to scold”), spelled with kanji as 叱る or 呵る (less common).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しかり [shìkárí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕika̠ɾʲi]

Noun

しかり • (shikari) 

1. 叱り, 叱, 呵り, 呵: a scolding

Verb

しかり • (shikari) 

1. 叱り, 呵り: the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of 叱る (shikaru, “to scold”)