のむ
Japanese edit
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 飲む 呑む 喫む (uncommon) |
Etymology edit
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nəmu.
Cognates
In the Ryukyuan branch of Japonic, cognate with Kikai 飲みゅい (numyui), Kunigami 飲みん (numin), Miyako 飲むっ (num), Northern Amami-Oshima 飲むり (numuri), Okinawan 飲むん (numun), Oki-No-Erabu 飲みゅん (numyun), Southern Amami-Oshima 飲みゅむっ (numyum), Toku-No-Shima 飲み (numi), Yaeyama 飲むん (numun), Yonaguni 飲むん (numun), and Yoron 飲みゅん (numyun).
Pronunciation edit
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "飲む"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
飲む | のむ | [nóꜜmù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 飲め | のめ | [nóꜜmè] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 飲まれる | のまれる | [nòmáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 飲ませる | のませる | [nòmáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 飲める | のめる | [nòméꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 飲もう | のもー | [nòmóꜜò] |
| Negative | 飲まない | のまない | [nòmáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 飲まなかった | のまなかった | [nòmáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 飲みます | のみます | [nòmímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 飲んだ | のんだ | [nóꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 飲んで | のんで | [nóꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 飲めば | のめば | [nóꜜmèbà] |
Verb edit
のむ • (nomu) transitive godan (stem のみ (nomi), past のんだ (nonda))
- 飲む, 呑む:[note 1] to drink, to gulp, to swallow; to eat (soup)
- 飲む, 喫む:[note 1] (smoking) to smoke tobacco
- Synonym: すう (suu, literally “to suck”)
- 飲む: to overwhelm, to engulf
- 飲む: to suppress, to keep down
- 飲む, 呑む: to take (medicine)
- 薬を飲む
- kusuri o nomu
- to take medicine
- 薬を飲む
- 飲む, 呑む: to accept something like a demand or a condition
Usage notes edit
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of "のむ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | のま | noma | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | のみ | nomi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | のむ | nomu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | のむ | nomu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | のめ | nome | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | のめ | nome | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | のまれる | nomareru | |
| Causative | のませる のます |
nomaseru nomasu | |
| Potential | のめる | nomeru | |
| Volitional | のもう | nomō | |
| Negative | のまない | nomanai | |
| Negative continuative | のまず | nomazu | |
| Formal | のみます | nomimasu | |
| Perfective | のんだ | nonda | |
| Conjunctive | のんで | nonde | |
| Hypothetical conditional | のめば | nomeba | |
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | のま | noma | |
| Continuative (連用形) | のみ | nomi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | のむ | nomu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | のむ | nomu | |
| Realis (已然形) | のめ | nome | |
| Imperative (命令形) | のめ | nome | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | のまず | nomazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | のめど | nomedo | |
| Causal conjunction | のめば | nomeba | |
| Conditional conjunction | のまば | nomaba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | のみき | nomiki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | のみけり | nomikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | のみつ | nomitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | のみぬ | nominu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | のめり のみたり |
nomeri nomitari | |
| Volitional | のまむ | nomamu | |
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
References edit
- ^ “飲・呑”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN