ばらす
Japanese edit
Etymology edit
Ultimate derivation unclear. Appears from the early 1700s.[1]
Analyzable as the regular causative / transitive form of root verb ばる (baru), from which ばれる (bareru) derives as the regular mediopassive / intransitive. Compare similar verb paradigms with root verb 明く (aku), causative / transitive 明かす (akasu), mediopassive / intransitive 明ける (akeru), Old Japanese 出づ (idu) and modern causative / transitive 出す (dasu), mediopassive / intransitive 出る (deru), Old Japanese 生ゆ (hayu) and modern 生やす (hayasu) and 生える (haeru).
Cognate with ばれる (bareru, “to be found out; to be all messed up, in disarry”), ばらばら (barabara, “all messed up, in complete disarray”, adjective, adverb). The term ばらばら (barabara) actually appears earliest in texts, starting from the late 1500s, followed by ばれる (bareru) in the late 1600s and ばらす (barasu) in the early 1700s.[1] This suggests the possibility that the adjective / adverb came first, with the verbs then deriving from that.
Possibly related to adjective あばら (abara).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
ばらす or バラす • (barasu) transitive godan (stem ばらし (barashi), past ばらした (barashita))
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | ばらす |
| mediopassive | ばれる |
- to take something to pieces and scatter its bits, to completely destroy something
- to make something all scattered and messy, to mess something up, to put something into disarray
- Synonym: ばらばらにする (barabara ni suru)
- to expose a secret, to find something out and expose it
- (slang) to kill someone
- Synonym: (occasionally read as barasu) 殺す (korosu)
- to sell something off
- to sell something at a low or bargain price
- Synonym: 安売りする (yasuuri suru)
- (fishing) to release a fish from one's hook
- Synonym: (to let something go, to release something) 逃す (nogasu)
Conjugation edit
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | ばらさ | barasa | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | ばらし | barashi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ばらす | barasu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ばらす | barasu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ばらせ | barase | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ばらせ | barase | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | ばらされる | barasareru | |
| Causative | ばらさせる ばらさす |
barasaseru barasasu | |
| Potential | ばらせる | baraseru | |
| Volitional | ばらそう | barasō | |
| Negative | ばらさない | barasanai | |
| Negative continuative | ばらさず | barasazu | |
| Formal | ばらします | barashimasu | |
| Perfective | ばらした | barashita | |
| Conjunctive | ばらして | barashite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | ばらせば | baraseba | |
Related terms edit
- ばれる (bareru): (intransitive) to be discovered, to be found out; to become in disarray, to become disorganized