上げる

Japanese edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
上
あ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Cognate with 揚(あ)げる (ageru), 挙(あ)げる (ageru).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) あげる [àgérú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [a̠ɡe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "上げる"

Stem forms
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形)	上げる	あげる	`[àgérú]`
Imperative (命令形)	上げろ	あげろ	`[àgéró]`
Key constructions
Passive	上げられる	あげられる	`[àgérárérú]`
Causative	上げさせる	あげさせる	`[àgésásérú]`
Potential	上げられる	あげられる	`[àgérárérú]`
Volitional	上げよう	あげよー	`[àgéyóꜜò]`
Negative	上げない	あげない	`[àgénáí]`
Negative perfective	上げなかった	あげなかった	`[àgénáꜜkàttà]`
Formal	上げます	あげます	`[àgémáꜜsù]`
Perfective	上げた	あげた	`[àgétá]`
Conjunctive	上げて	あげて	`[àgété]`
Hypothetical conditional	上げれば	あげれば	`[àgéréꜜbà]`

- (Kyoto) あげる [ágérú]^[4]

Verb edit

上(あ)げる • (ageru) transitive ichidan (stem 上(あ)げ (age), past 上(あ)げた (ageta))

Japanese verb pair
active	上げる
mediopassive	上がる

to raise, to lift
Antonym: 下げる (sageru)

音量(おんりょう)を上(あ)げる
onryō o ageru
to raise the volume
to give (usually not written with kanji)
犬(いぬ)に毎日(まいにち)えさをあげてください。
Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
Please give the dog food every day.
to utter; to cry; to produce; to raise (a voice)
悲鳴(ひめい)を上(あ)げる
himei o ageru
to shriek; to let out a scream

奇声(きせい)を上(あ)げる
kisei o ageru
to raise a strange cry

声(こえ)を上(あ)げて泣(な)く
koe o agete naku
to sob

Usage notes edit

Wikibooks has more about this subject:

Japanese/Lessons/Giving and Receiving

Wikibooks

Japanese has an extensive vocabulary for giving and receiving. While 上げる is used for giving something to someone of equal or lower social standing, 差(さ)し上(あ)げる (sashiageru) is used for giving to someone of higher rank and やる (yaru) for giving to a non-human or to someone of low rank. It is fairly common to use 上げる for giving something to a pet, especially in casual speech, but some speakers consider this usage nonstandard or incorrect.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "上げる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	上げ	あげ	age
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	上げ	あげ	age
Shūshikei ("terminal")	上げる	あげる	ageru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	上げる	あげる	ageru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	上げれ	あげれ	agere
Meireikei ("imperative")	上げよ¹ 上げろ²	あげよ¹ あげろ²	ageyo¹ agero²
Key constructions
Passive	上げられる	あげられる	agerareru
Causative	上げさせる上げさす	あげさせるあげさす	agesaseru agesasu
Potential	上げられる上げれる³	あげられるあげれる³	agerareru agereru³
Volitional	上げよう	あげよう	ageyō
Negative	上げない上げぬ上げん	あげないあげぬあげん	agenai agenu agen
Negative continuative	上げず	あげず	agezu
Formal	上げます	あげます	agemasu
Perfective	上げた	あげた	ageta
Conjunctive	上げて	あげて	agete
Hypothetical conditional	上げれば	あげれば	agereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[SMK2-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō

[4] Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN

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上げる

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