下方

Chinese

		under; next; lower under; next; lower; below; underneath; down(wards); to go down; latter	square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
simp. and trad. (下方)		下	方

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiàfāng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄈㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haa⁶ fong¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hā-hong
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gho-faon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiàfāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄈㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siàfang
    • Wade–Giles: hsia⁴-fang¹
    • Yale: syà-fāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiahfang
    • Palladius: сяфан (sjafan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ä⁵¹ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: haa⁶ fong¹
    • Yale: hah fōng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haa⁶ fong¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ha⁶ fong¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haː²² fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hā-hong
    • Tâi-lô: hā-hong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: haxhofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ha²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ha⁴¹⁻²² hɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha²²⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ha³³⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha³³⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gho-faon
    • MiniDict: gho^去 faon
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hho-faan
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦo²² fɑ̃⁴⁴/

Noun

下方

1. lower part; area below; place below; (anatomy) inferior part

   請點擊下方按鈕。 [MSC, trad.]
   请点击下方按钮。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qǐng diǎnjī xiàfāng ànniǔ. [Pinyin]

   Please click the button below.

2. Synonym of 方棋 (fāngqí)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "lower part"): 上方 (shàngfāng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (下方):

• → Japanese: 下(か)方(ほう) (kahō)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
下	方
か Grade: 1	ほう Grade: 2
kan’on

/ka pau/ → /kaɸau/ → /kaɸɔː/ → /kahoː/

From Middle Chinese 下方 (MC haeX pjang). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) かほー [kàhóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ho̞ː]

Noun

下(か)方(ほう) • (kahō) ^{←かはう (kafau)?}

1. the lower part; an area below, downward

   Antonym: 上方 (jōhō)

   予(よ)想(そう)を下(か)方(ほう)に修(しゅう)正(せい)する ― yosō o kahō ni shūsei suru ― revise expectations downward

Derived terms

• 下(か)方(ほう)修(しゅ)正(うせい) (kahō shūsei)
• 下(か)方(ほう)伸(しん)張(ちょう) (kahō shinchō)
• 下(か)方(ほう)制(せい)御(ぎょ) (kahō seigyo)
• 下(か)方(ほう)置(ち)換(かん) (kahō chikan)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
下	方
した Grade: 1	かた Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
下	方
した Grade: 1	かた > がた Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 方 (kata, “person”).

Sometimes pronounced with

rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) したかた [shìtákátá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɕita̠ka̠ta̠]

Noun

下(した)方(かた) or 下(した)方(がた) • (shitakata or shitagata) 

1. a low rank, subordinate

Proper noun

下(した)方(かた) • (Shitakata) 

1. a placename

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
下	方
しも Grade: 1	かた Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Kanji in this term
下	方
しも Grade: 1	かた > がた Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From 下 (shimo, “lower”) +‎ 方 (kata, “person”).

Sometimes pronounced with rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) しも​かた [shìmóꜜkàtà] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [ɕimo̞ka̠ta̠]

Noun

下(しも)方(かた) or 下(しも)方(がた) • (shimokata or shimogata) 

1. a low rank, subordinate

Proper noun

下(しも)方(かた) • (Shimokata) 

1. a placename
2. a surname

下(しも)方(がた) • (Shimogata) 

1. a placename

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
下	方
した Grade: 1	さま > ざま Grade: 2
kun’yomi	irregular

From 下 (shita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 方 (sama, “appearance, style”).

The sama changes to zama as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Noun

下(した)方(ざま) • (shitazama) 

1. Synonym of 下様 (shimozama): a low rank, subordinate

   Antonym: 上方 (uezama)

Old Japanese

Etymology

From 下 (sita, “below, down, under”) +‎ 邊 (-pe₁, “location, direction”).

Noun

下方 (sitape₁) (kana したへ)

1. the land of the dead, underworld

   Synonyms: 根の國 (ne no₂ kuni), 黃泉 (yo₂mi₂)

   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 905:

     , text here

     和可家禮婆道行之良士末比波世武之多敞乃使於比弖登保良世

     wakake₁reba mi₁tiyuki₁ sirazi mapi₁ pa semu sitape₁ no₂ tukapi₁ opi₁te to₂porase

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

• Japanese: 下方 (shitahe), in modern Japanese dictionaries