免
See also: 兔
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Translingual edit
| Stroke order | |||
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| Japanese | 免 |
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| Simplified | 免 |
| Traditional | 免 |
Alternative forms edit
A variant form with 刀 rather than ⺈ on top exists.
There is another variant, in which the left-handed stroke ㇓ is written as two separate components. This variant is adopted by Japanese shinjitai.
Han character edit
免 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+5 in Chinese, 儿+6 in Japanese, 7 strokes in Chinese, 8 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 弓日竹山 (NAHU), four-corner 27416, composition ⿱⺈⿸⿻口丿乚(GHTK) or ⿳⺈𫩏儿(JV) or ⿱刀⿸⿻口丿乚(U+FA32))
Derived characters edit
- 俛, 凂, 𠲶, 𰉲, 娩, 㝃, 𡷭, 㡈, 悗, 挽, 浼, 𮥊, 𨓜, 晚(晩), 梚, 𬊕, 㻊, 脕, 𥙵, 𪽿, 睌, 䅋, 𧚇, 絻(𰬜), 𰰃, 𧖵, 𧨕, 𮚻, 𨁙, 𨉏, 輓(𬨈), 𠬍, 鋔, 𩈦, 鞔, 𩛟, 𡽏, 𣚻, 𩣦, 𰫌, 鮸(𩾃), 𮭵, 𭐅, 𩆊
- 兔, 𪞁, 勉, 𫰲, 𣆶, 𤿯, 𥇅, 𪞂, 𨌜, 𨽺, 𡢎, 𠒾, 𠓄, 𬷖, 𠓍, 𫥎, 𪾐, 𭀰, 𡨚, 𡸊, 莬, 冕, 𤲈, 𥦙, 𬞎, 𪳟, 𭔑, 𫙁, 𡿢, 𨵃
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1358
- Dae Jaweon: page 264, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 270, character 9
- Unihan data for U+514D
Chinese edit
| simp. and trad. |
免 | |
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Glyph origin edit
| Historical forms of the character 免 | ||||||||||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | ||||||||||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | |||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – a man in a hat. Borrowed for abstract meanings. The derivative 冕 (OC *mronʔ) refers to the original word.
Pronunciation 1 edit
Definitions edit
免
- to take off; to remove from the body
- to avoid; to escape; to evade
- 同官之人，知而訐之上者，自免於罪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version
- Tóng guān zhī rén, zhī ér jié zhī shàng zhě, zì miǎn yú zuì. [Pinyin]
- Colleagues who, knowing their offence, inform their superiors will themselves escape punishment.
同官之人，知而讦之上者，自免于罪。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- to release; to set free
- to excuse from; to exempt
- to discharge; to waive; to forgive
- to remove; to dismiss (from office)
- to be not allowed; to be forbidden to
- (Southern Min) it is not necessary; there is no need
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 娩
Synonyms edit
- (to remove):
- 免除 (miǎnchú)
- 刷 (colloquial)
- 削 (literary, or in compounds)
- 削除 (xuēchú)
- 去掉 (qùdiào)
- 去除 (qùchú)
- 報銷／报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
- 屏除 (bǐngchú)
- 廓清 (kuòqīng)
- 打掉 (dǎdiào)
- 掃／扫
- 排解 (páijiě)
- 掃除／扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
- 排除 (páichú)
- 摒除 (bìngchú)
- 撤 (chè)
- 撤除 (chèchú)
- 消 (xiāo)
- 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
- 消解 (xiāojiě)
- 消釋／消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
- 消除 (xiāochú)
- 淘汰 (táotài)
- 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
- 清除 (qīngchú)
- 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 破壞／破坏 (pòhuài)
- 破除 (pòchú)
- 祛除 (qūchú)
- 罷／罢
- 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
- 肅清／肃清 (sùqīng)
- 蕩／荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 解釋／解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
- 解除 (jiěchú)
- 鋤／锄 (chú)
- 鏟除／铲除 (chǎnchú)
- 除
- 除去 (chúqù)
- 除忒 (Hakka)
- 除掉 (chúdiào)
- 除開／除开 (chúkāi)
- 革除 (géchú)
- 驅散／驱散 (qūsàn)
- 驅走／驱走 (qūzǒu)
- 驅除／驱除 (qūchú)
Compounds edit
- 不免 (bùmiǎn)
- 不能自免
- 乞免
- 以免 (yǐmiǎn)
- 倖免／幸免 (xìngmiǎn)
- 俱免
- 僅以身免／仅以身免
- 免丁
- 免不了 (miǎnbùliǎo)
- 免不得
- 免乳
- 免俗
- 免冠 (miǎnguān)
- 免冠解印
- 免刑
- 免卻／免却
- 免參／免参
- 免喪／免丧
- 免官
- 免客氣／免客气 (bián kheh-khì)
- 免帖
- 免席 (miǎnxí)
- 免役 (miǎnyì)
- 免得 (miǎnde)
- 免戰牌／免战牌
- 免洗餐具
- 免疫 (miǎnyì)
- 免疫作用
- 免疫力 (miǎnyìlì)
- 免疫系統／免疫系统 (miǎnyì xìtǒng)
- 免疫血清 (miǎnyì xuèqīng)
- 免票 (miǎnpiào)
- 免禮／免礼
- 免稅／免税 (miǎnshuì)
- 免稅口岸／免税口岸
- 免稅品／免税品
- 免稅商店／免税商店
- 免稅額／免税额
- 免簽／免签 (miǎnqiān)
- 免罪 (miǎnzuì)
- 免職／免职 (miǎnzhí)
- 免苦錢／免苦钱
- 免訴／免诉
- 免試／免试 (miǎnshì)
- 免試升學／免试升学
- 免談／免谈 (miǎntán)
- 免責權／免责权
- 免費／免费 (miǎnfèi)
- 免費軟體／免费软体 (miǎnfèi ruǎntǐ)
- 免身
- 免除 (miǎnchú)
- 免黜
- 在所不免
- 在所難免／在所难免 (zàisuǒnánmiǎn)
- 基礎免疫／基础免疫
- 天然免疫
- 宥免
- 寬免／宽免 (kuānmiǎn)
- 幸免 (xìngmiǎn)
- 庶免
- 抵免
- 推免 (tuīmiǎn)
- 擔免／担免
- 放免
- 斃監免議／毙监免议
- 未免 (wèimiǎn)
- 未能免俗
- 減免／减免 (jiǎnmiǎn)
- 無一倖免／无一幸免 (wúyīxìngmiǎn)
- 病免
- 矜免
- 罷免／罢免 (bàmiǎn)
- 罷免權／罢免权 (bàmiǎnquán)
- 能免則免／能免则免 (néngmiǎnzémiǎn)
- 臨難苟免／临难苟免 (línnàngǒumiǎn)
- 自然免疫
- 苟免 (gǒumiǎn)
- 蠲免 (juānmiǎn)
- 被動免疫／被动免疫
- 豁免 (huòmiǎn)
- 豁免權／豁免权 (huòmiǎnquán)
- 赦免 (shèmiǎn)
- 避免 (bìmiǎn)
- 陽狂自免／阳狂自免
- 難免／难免 (nánmiǎn)
- 黜免 (chùmiǎn)
Pronunciation 2 edit
Definitions edit
免
Compounds edit
Further reading edit
- “Entry #2885”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese edit
| Shinjitai | 免 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
免 免or 免+ ︀?
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| 免󠄁 免+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 免󠄄 免+ 󠄄?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji edit
免
- to avoid, to escape
- to release, to set free, to discharge
- to exempt
- to forgive
- to dismiss, to discharge
- Antonyms : 任
Readings edit
- Go-on: めん (men, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: べん (ben)
- Kun: まぬかれる (manukareru, 免れる, Jōyō)←まぬかる (manukaru, 免る, historical); まぬがれる (manugareru, 免れる)←まぬかる (manukaru, 免かる, historical); ぬぐ (nugu, 免ぐ); ゆるす (yurusu, 免す)
Compounds edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
References edit
- ^ “免”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean edit
Hanja edit
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
免: Hán Nôm readings: miễn, mấy, mến, mém, mễm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.