凹む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
| 凹 |
Etymology 1
Verb derived from noun 凹 / 窪 (kubo, “an indentation, a depression”) + verbalizing suffix ぶ (“becoming like [noun]”), with suffix ぶ mutating to む due to the preceding syllable ぼ.
Verb
凹む (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana くぼむ, romaji kubomu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "凹む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | Imperfective (未然形) | 凹ま | くぼま | kuboma |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuative (連用形) | 凹み | くぼみ | kubomi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 凹む | くぼむ | kubomu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 凹む | くぼむ | kubomu | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 凹め | くぼめ | kubome | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 凹め | くぼめ | kubome | |
| Key constructions | Passive | 凹まれる | くぼまれる | kubomareru |
| Causative | 凹ませる 凹ます |
くぼませる くぼます |
kubomaseru kubomasu |
|
| Potential | 凹める | くぼめる | kubomeru | |
| Volitional | 凹もう | くぼもう | kubomō | |
| Negative | 凹まない | くぼまない | kubomanai | |
| Negative continuative | 凹まず | くぼまず | kubomazu | |
| Formal | 凹みます | くぼみます | kubomimasu | |
| Perfective | 凹んだ | くぼんだ | kubonda | |
| Conjunctive | 凹んで | くぼんで | kubonde | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凹めば | くぼめば | kubomeba | |
Usage notes
The transitive form is 凹める / 窪める (くぼめる, kubomeru). Consequently, the potential form is the same as the passive form, くぼまれる, instead of くぼめる as shown in the table above.
The spelling 窪む is used more often for くぼむ, because the alternate spelling 凹む also does double duty as へこむ.
Etymology 2
Contraction of 減りこむ (へりこむ, herikomu).
Verb
凹む (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana へこむ, romaji hekomu)
- To become hollow, cave in, sink in: see くぼむ.
- To decline below a certain point; to become less.
- To be stuck to be at a loss: see 困る (こまる, komaru).
- To yield; to submit.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "凹む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | Imperfective (未然形) | 凹ま | へこま | hekoma |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuative (連用形) | 凹み | へこみ | hekomi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 凹む | へこむ | hekomu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 凹む | へこむ | hekomu | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 凹め | へこめ | hekome | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 凹め | へこめ | hekome | |
| Key constructions | Passive | 凹まれる | へこまれる | hekomareru |
| Causative | 凹ませる 凹ます |
へこませる へこます |
hekomaseru hekomasu |
|
| Potential | 凹める | へこめる | hekomeru | |
| Volitional | 凹もう | へこもう | hekomō | |
| Negative | 凹まない | へこまない | hekomanai | |
| Negative continuative | 凹まず | へこまず | hekomazu | |
| Formal | 凹みます | へこみます | hekomimasu | |
| Perfective | 凹んだ | へこんだ | hekonda | |
| Conjunctive | 凹んで | へこんで | hekonde | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 凹めば | へこめば | hekomeba | |