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U+523A, 刺
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-523A

[U+5239]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+523B]
刺 U+F9FF, 刺
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FF

[U+F9FE]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+FA00]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 18, +6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木月中弓 (DBLN), four-corner 52900, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1969
  • Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 333, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+523A

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𣐁
𪑟

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ): phonetic (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic (knife).

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tshyar ~ *g-zyar (thorn, nail, tack) (provisional) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཚེར་མ (tsher ma, thorn, thorn bush), གཟེར་བ (gzer ba, to bore into), and གཟེར (gzer, nail) (Schuessler, 2007).

(OC *tsekh) "attack, satirize" (Zuozhuan) < "criticize" (Shijing) < lit. "cause to be stabbed" is exopassive/exoactive derivation of (OC *tsek) "pierce, stab" (ibid.); (OC tsʰieC) "thorn" (SW) is Han period's general tone-C derivation of (OC *tsʰiek) (ibid.)

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note:
  • chhì - vernacular (Xiamen, Zhangzhou) (“pointed structure”);
  • chhù - literary (Xiamen, Zhangzhou).
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (14)
    Final () (11)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tshjeH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʰiᴇH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sʰiɛH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sʰjɛH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sʰiə̆H/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sʰieH/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sʰǐeH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sʰie̯H/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    ci3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tshjeH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[tsʰ]ek-s/
    English sharp point, thorn

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 1746
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sʰeɡs/
    Definitions edit

    1. a pointed structure which is able to pierce something (spike, spine, thorn, etc.)
    2. (literary, or in compounds) visiting card
    Descendants edit
    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (shi)

    Pronunciation 2 edit


    Note:
    • chhiah - vernacular (“to stab; to sew; to tattoo; to pick out; to expose; prickly; to remind someone during a fight”);
    • chhì - vernacular (Xiamen, Zhangzhou) (“to stab (Mainland); dazzling”);
    • chhù - literary (Xiamen, Zhangzhou).
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (14)
    Final () (123)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tshjek
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʰiᴇk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sʰiɛk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sʰiæk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sʰiajk̚/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sʰiɛk̚/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sʰĭɛk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sʰi̯ɛk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    qi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    cik1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tshjek ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[tsʰ]ek/
    English pierce, stab

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 1780
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sʰeɡ/
    Definitions edit

    1. to stab; to prick
    2. (literary, or in compounds) to kill discreetly; to assassinate discreetly
        ―  bèi   ―  to be assassinated
      荊軻荆轲  ―  Jīng Kē qín wáng  ―  Jing Ke's [attempted] assassination of the King of Qin
    3. (literary, or in compounds) to criticize with pointed words
    4. (literary, or in compounds) to pry into; to investigate
    5. (literary, or in compounds) to stimulate
        ―  'ěr  ―  ear-piercing
    6. (literary, or in compounds or Southern Min) to provoke; to irritate (through light, sound, heat, etc.)
    7. (fencing) to thrust; to attack the opponent at an area parallel to the weapon's length
    8. (fencing) thrust
        ―  jiǎ zhí   ―  feint direct thrust
    9. a surname: Ci
    10. (Hokkien, by extension) to sew; to weave; to knit; to embroider
    11. (Hokkien, by extension) to tattoo
    12. (Mainland China Hokkien) dazzling; glaring
    13. (Mainland China Hokkien) to pick out; to pluck out
    14. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expose; to bring to light
    15. (Taiwanese Hokkien) prickly and uncomfortable (as if being pricked by needles)
    16. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to remind someone during a fight of the number of times one has given favors to that person
    Synonyms edit
    • (to stab): (tǒng), (Hokkien) 𠡡
    • (to kill discreetly):
    • (to criticize with pointed words):
    • (to pry into):
    • (to knit):
    • (to expose):

    Pronunciation 3 edit


    Definitions edit

    1. sound of rubbing

    Pronunciation 4 edit


    Definitions edit

    1. Only used in 刺促 (qìcù).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“red; brown; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of ).

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshjeH, “spike, thorn; calling card”):

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshjek, “prick, stab; criticize with pointed words”):

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    とげ
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Alternative forms edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (とげ) (toge

    1. a thorn, prickle
    2. a splinter
    3. a biting word

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    さ(し)
    Grade: S
    kun’yomi

    Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 刺す (sasu, to pierce; to prick, sting).

    Alternative forms edit

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (さし) (sashi

    1. Short for 米刺 (komesashi): a small tool used to extract a sample of rice from a bag in order to test its quality
    2. (historical) in the Edo period, a paper string used to store ぜに (zeni, round coins with a square hole in the center)
    3. Short for 刺身 (sashimi): sliced pieces of fish or other meat
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    いら
    Grade: S
    irregular

    Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *era.

    Alternative forms edit

    Noun edit

    (いら) (ira

    1. a thorn, prickle
    2. the spine (needle-like structure) of a fish's dorsal fin
    3. Short for 刺草 (irakusa): nettle
    4. Short for 刺虫 (iramushi): the larva of the 刺蛾 (iraga, Monema flavescens), a species of moth
    5. the horn-like projections of 金平糖 (konpeitō, sugar candy of varying colors and flavors)
    6. Synonym of 水母 (kurage): a jellyfish
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 4 edit

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    /si//ɕi/

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshjeH).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    () (shi

    1. a thorn, prickle, needle
    2. a calling card, name card
      Synonyms: 名札 (nafuda), 名刺 (meishi)

    Affix edit

    () (shi

    1. stab, prick
    2. criticize with pointed words
    3. spike, thorn
    4. name card
    Derived terms edit

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshjeH).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 찌를 (jjireul ja))

    1. Hanja form? of (spike; thorn).
    2. Hanja form? of (to stab; to prick).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC tshjek).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 찌를 (jjireul cheok))

    1. Hanja form? of (to stab; to prick).

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Hanja edit

    (eumhun 나무랄 (namural che))

    1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of (scold).

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: thích, thứ
    : Nôm readings: chích

    1. Nôm form of chích (to prick).