協

See also: 协

協	U+5354, 協 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5354

← 卓
[U+5353]

CJK Unified Ideographs

单 →
[U+5355]

㈿	U+323F, ㈿ PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE

← ㈾
[U+323E]

Enclosed CJK Letters and Months

㉀ →
[U+3240]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

協 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十大尸尸 (JKSS), four-corner 4402₇, composition ⿰十劦)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 34
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2742
Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 64, character 3
Unihan data for U+5354

Chinese edit

trad.		協
simp.		协
alternative forms		恊旪叶㶸

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (劦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
栛	*reːbs
珕	reːbs, rebs
荔	reːbs, rebs
脅	hlams, hlab
姭	*hlams
搚	raːb, raːb
拹	*hlab
愶	*hlab
嗋	*hlab
熁	*hlab
協	*ɦleːb
勰	*ɦleːb
劦	*ɦleːb
叶	*ɦleːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦleːb) : semantic 十 (“many”) + phonetic 劦 (OC *ɦleːb, “to collaborate”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xié (xie²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xie²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ще (xi͡ə, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): hip³, hip⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hia̍p
Eastern Min (BUC): hiĕk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hia̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): hiab⁸ / hiêb⁸ / hiag⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁸yiq; ⁸yaq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xié
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sié
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh²
  - Yale: syé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shye
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xie²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xie
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ще (xi͡ə, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hip³, hip⁶
  - Yale: hip, hihp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hip⁸, hip⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hib³, hib⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiːp̚³/, /hiːp̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hia̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: hiab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hiab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯ap̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hieʔ⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hia̍p
  - Tâi-lô: hia̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiap
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hiap̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiap̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiap̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hiab⁸ / hiêb⁸ / hiag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hia̍p / hie̍p / hia̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiap̚⁴/, /hiep̚⁴/, /hiak̚⁴/

Note:

hiab8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
hiêb8 - Chaozhou;
hiag8 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁸yiq; ⁸yaq
  - MiniDict: yih^入; yah^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵hhiq; ⁵hhiaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɪʔ¹²/, /ɦiaʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 協
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɛ³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕie⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕiɛ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕi²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiə⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɤ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕie²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕie³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ɕiɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕiəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/ɕiaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦiəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ji²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕieʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕia⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕie²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕie²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/ɕiɛʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/hiap̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hiɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hip̚³/
	Nanning	/hip̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/hip̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hiap̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/hieʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xiɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hiap̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hiap̚³/

Middle Chinese: hep

Rime
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	添 (158)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡頰切
Baxter	hep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦep̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦep̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛp̚/
Li Rong	/ɣep̚/
Wang Li	/ɣiep̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣiep̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xié
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jip⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤep/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɦleːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	協
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xié
Middle Chinese	‹ hep ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁep/
English	in harmony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.