可愛い

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Etymology 1

From kawayui (see below).

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /ka.wa.i.i/, [kä.ɰᵝä.iː]

Usage notes

Most often spelled in hiragana.

Adjective

可愛い (い-i inflection, hiragana かわいい, romaji kawaii, historical hiragana かはいい)

  1. lovable, adorable, cute
Inflection
Derived terms

Etymology 2

A contraction of 顔映し /kahahayushi/ > /kahayushi/. Medial /ha/ becomes [wa] via synchronic phonological processes. It is unclear if the word before contraction was initially realized as *[kahahayushi] or as *[kawawayushi].

The kanji spelling 可愛い is an example of ateji, and uses an irregular reading of 愛. Note that the medial -w- here is not an excrescence added between ka () and ai (), since the word is not formed from these morphemes.

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /kawajui/, [kä.ɰᵝä.jɯᵝ.i]

Adjective

可愛い (い-i inflection, hiragana かわゆい, romaji kawayui, historical hiragana かはゆい)

  1. embarrassed, having a guilty conscience: see 顔映し (kawahayushi).
  2. (obsolete) pitiable, pitiful
    • 1632, Diego Collado, Dictionarium sive thesauri linguae Iaponicae compendium
      Miſerabilis, e: coſa que cauſa laſtima, cavaij.
      (Latin:) Wretched; (Spanish:) thing that causes pity, kawaii.
  3. lovable, adorable, cute
Inflection
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Last modified on 11 April 2013, at 16:33