可汗

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (可汗)		可	汗
alternative forms		可寒 archaic 合罕 archaic 汗 abbreviation

Etymology

Borrowed from a Mongolic or Turkic language; compare Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan) and Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan). First attested at around the 3^rd century.

The first character, 可, was likely not originally read with the checked coda -k.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kèhán

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄢˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): hak¹ hon⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hak² hon⁵

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khek-hân / khiak-hân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiog⁴ hang⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷kheq-ghoe; ⁵khu-ghoe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kèhán
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ ㄏㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kèhán
    • Wade–Giles: kʻo⁴-han²
    • Yale: kè-hán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kehharn
    • Palladius: кэхань (kɛxanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵¹ xän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hak¹ hon⁴
    • Yale: hāk hòhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hak⁷ hon⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: heg¹ hon⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐk̚⁵ hɔːn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hak² hon⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hak̚⁵⁵ hᵘɔn³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek-hân
    • Tâi-lô: khik-hân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qekhaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ han²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak-hân
    • Tâi-lô: khiak-hân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiakhaan
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ han²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiog⁴ hang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiok hâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiok̚²⁻⁴ haŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷kheq-ghoe; ⁵khu-ghoe
    • MiniDict: kheh^入 ghoe; khu^去 ghoe
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴kheq-hhoe; ²khu-hhoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰəʔ³³ ɦø⁴⁴/, /kʰu³³ ɦø⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: khaX han

Rime
Character	可	汗
Reading #	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	枯我切	胡安切
Baxter	khaX	han
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɑX/	/ɦɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɑX/	/ɦɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɑX/	/ɣɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaX/	/ɦan/
Li Rong	/kʰɑX/	/ɣɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰɑX/	/ɣɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑX/	/ɣɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kě	hán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ho2	hon4

Noun

可汗

1. khagan; khan (Classifier: 位 m c)

   • 昨夜見軍帖，可汗大點兵，軍書十二卷，卷卷有爺名。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     昨夜见军帖，可汗大点兵，军书十二卷，卷卷有爷名。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 《木蘭詩》 (Ballad of Mulan); translation by Jack Yuan

     Zuóyè jiàn jūntiě, kèhán dà diǎnbīng, jūnshū shí'èr juǎn, juǎn juǎn yǒu yé míng. [Pinyin]

     Last night I saw the army notice, the Khan is calling a great draft – A dozen volumes of battle rolls, each one with my father's name.