后
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Translingual edit
Stroke order | |||
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Han character edit
后 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 竹一口 (HMR), four-corner 72261, composition ⿸𠂋口)
Derived characters edit
- 𰂀, 垢, 𰃙, 𣢨, 姤, 䞧, 𥅠, 𭸫,㖃, 𫩲, 詬(诟), 㧨, 㤧, 骺, 銗, 𬭅, 㻈, 洉, 𪲉, 茩, 𫀱, 逅, 𬖙, 垕, 垢, 𫝴, 𧮶, 缿, 劶, 郈, 㸸, 𧲿, 𪊪, 𧊛, 𩗇, 鮜(鲘), 𪁆, 𬷎, 𧙺
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 176, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3298
- Dae Jaweon: page 393, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 580, character 1
- Unihan data for U+540E
Chinese edit
Glyph origin edit
Historical forms of the character 后 | |||
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Shang | Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Lateral inversion of 后 generates 司 (OC *slɯ).
According to Kōjien[zh 1] and 学研漢和大字典, ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 人 (“person (variant form)”) + 口 (“hole”) — a depiction of a person's (人) anus, with the additional meaning of “behind”, “rear”, as well as coming to mean “emperor/empress”, who would live in a palace “behind” wordly troubles.
Etymology 1 edit
simp. and trad. |
后 |
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-gaw (“head”). Cognate with Tibetan གོ (go, “head; headman”), མགོ (mgo, “head, top, beginning”).
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
后
Usage notes edit
- The surname 后 (hòu) is not to be confused with the surname 後/后 (hòu).
Compounds edit
- 仙后座 (Xiānhòuzuò)
- 元后
- 后冠
- 后土 (hòutǔ)
- 后妃 (hòufēi)
- 后帝 (hòudì)
- 后座 (hòuzuò)
- 后王 (hòuwáng)
- 后皇
- 后稷 (Hòujì)
- 后羿 (Hòuyì)
- 后羿射日
- 后辛
- 后辟
- 后里 (Hòulǐ)
- 夏后氏 (Xiàhòushì)
- 大天后宮/大天后宫
- 天后 (Tiānhòu)
- 太后 (tàihòu)
- 太皇太后 (tài huáng tàihòu)
- 川后
- 影后 (yǐnghòu)
- 慈安太后
- 慈禧太后 (Cíxǐ Tàihòu)
- 武后
- 母后 (mǔhòu)
- 王后 (wánghòu)
- 甄后
- 皇后 (huánghòu)
- 皇太后 (huángtàihòu)
- 皇天后土 (huángtiānhòutǔ)
- 稱王封后/称王封后
- 竇太后/窦太后
- 群后
- 蕭太后/萧太后
- 西后
- 西太后 (Xītàihòu)
- 賀后罵殿/贺后骂殿
- 賈后/贾后
- 韋后/韦后
- 風后/风后
- 馬后練服/马后练服
- 齊后破環/齐后破环
See also edit
Chess pieces in Mandarin · 國際象棋棋子/国际象棋棋子 (guójì xiàngqí qízǐ) (layout · text) | |||||
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王 (wáng), 國王/国王 (guówáng) |
后 (hòu), 皇后 (huánghòu) |
車/车 (jū), 城堡 (chéngbǎo) |
象 (xiàng), 主教 (zhǔjiào) |
馬/马 (mǎ), 騎士/骑士 (qíshì) |
兵 (bīng) |
Etymology 2 edit
For pronunciation and definitions of 后 – see 後 (“behind; rear; back; later; after; afterwards; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 後). |
Notes:
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Usage notes edit
In the traditional-Chinese literate context, the use of 后 (hòu) as a variant of 後 is mostly confined to the occurrences in a few well-known historical texts such as the Great Learning (《大學》).
References edit
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
Readings edit
- Go-on: ぐ (gu)
- Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)←こう (kou, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ご (go); ごう (gō)
- Kun: きさき (kisaki, 后)
Compounds edit
Etymology 1 edit
Kanji in this term |
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后 |
こう Grade: 6 |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 后 (MC huwX|huwH).
Affix edit
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Kanji in this term |
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后 |
きさき Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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妃 |
Derivation unknown.
Possibly originally a contraction of 君幸 (kimi saki, literally “lordly good fortune”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation edit
- (Tokyo) きさき [kìsáꜜkì] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
- (Tokyo) きさき [kìsákí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA(key): [kʲisa̠kʲi]
Noun edit
Derived terms edit
- 后がね (kisakigane)
- 后の宮 (kisaki no miya)
- 后腹 (kisakibara)
- 大后 (ōkisaki)
- 母后 (hahakisaki)
Etymology 3 edit
Kanji in this term |
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后 |
きさい Grade: 6 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
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皇后 |
/kisaki/ → /kisaĩ/ → /kisai/
Sound shift from kisaki above.
Appears to be less common in isolation than the kisaki reading above.[2][1]
Noun edit
- (uncommon, archaic) Same as きさき (kisaki) above
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Agemaki)
- 「もし、世の中移りて、帝・后の、思しおきつるままにも、おはしまさば...」
- “Moshi, yononaka utsurite, mikado, kisai no, oboshi-okitsuru mama ni mo, owashimasaba...”
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 「もし、世の中移りて、帝・后の、思しおきつるままにも、おはしまさば...」
- c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Agemaki)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
Kanji in this term |
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后 |
ご Grade: 6 |
kan’yōon |
For pronunciation and definitions of 后 – see the following entry. | ||
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(This term, 后, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References edit
Korean edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 后 (MC huwH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɸʷu]
- Phonetic hangul: [후]
Hanja edit
Compounds edit
References edit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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