Translingual
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Glyph origin
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 左
Etymology 1
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First attested in 《散語四十章》 (1877) as 唨. This word replaces earlier 嘵／哓 (hiu1) in standard Cantonese.
Probably from 著／着 (Cheung, 1997; Chan, 1998; Fan and Chan, 2022); the pronunciation may be due to influence from Mandarin zhuó (Chan, 1998) or colloquial tonal modification to a high-rising tone (Cheung, 1997).
Chan (1995) proposes that the original character is 𧇣 (MC dzuH, “to go”); others (including Jimmy Pang and Chapman Chan) have similarly proposed 徂 (MC dzu, “to go”) to be the original character. These derivations are phonologically and semantically problematic.
Pronunciation
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Definitions
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咗
- (Cantonese) Used to emphasise an action which has been completed and whose result still applies to the present situation. It roughly translates to the past tense in English. [from 19th c.]
佢哋啱啱走咗。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]- keoi5 dei6 ngaam1 ngaam1 zau2 zo2. [Jyutping]
- They left just now.
阿媽尋日煲咗湯。佢而家去咗超級市場買餸。 [Cantonese, trad.]
阿妈寻日煲咗汤。佢而家去咗超级市场买𩠌。 [Cantonese, simp.]- aa3 maa1 cam4 jat6 bou1 zo2 tong1. keoi5 ji4 gaa1 heoi3 zo2 ciu1 kap1 si5 coeng4 maai5 sung3. [Jyutping]
- My mum made soup yesterday. Now, she has gone grocery shopping in the supermarket.
- 食咗就冇 [Cantonese] ― sik6 zo2 zau6 mou5 [Jyutping] ― if you eat it there will not be any more
- (Cantonese) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
剩返咁多餸，你聽日晏晝食咗佢啦！ [Cantonese, trad.]
剩返咁多𩠌，你听日晏昼食咗佢啦！ [Cantonese, simp.]- zing6 faan1 gam3 do1 sung3, nei5 ting1 jat6 aan3 zau3 sik6 zo2 keoi5 laa1! [Jyutping]
- There's so many food left. You should have them for lunch tomorrow.
快啲食咗佢！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]- faai3 di1 sik6 zo2 keoi5! [Jyutping]
- Finish eating it, now!
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of
了 (“(perfective particle)”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
矣1
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
了
|
| Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
了
|
| Taiwan
|
了
|
| Harbin
|
了
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
了
|
| Jinan
|
了
|
| Luoyang
|
了
|
| Wanrong
|
嘮
|
| Xi'an
|
咧
|
| Yinchuan
|
了
|
| Ürümqi
|
咧
|
| Wuhan
|
了
|
| Chengdu
|
了
|
| Guiyang
|
了
|
| Guilin
|
了
|
| Liuzhou
|
了
|
| Xuzhou
|
了
|
| Yangzhou
|
了
|
| Nanjing
|
了
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| Malaysia
|
了
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| Singapore
|
了
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| Cantonese
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Guangzhou
|
咗, 嘵 obsolete
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| Hong Kong
|
咗
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| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
咗
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| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
|
咗
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| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
耗
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| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
好
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| Macau
|
咗, 敲
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| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
咗
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| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
咗
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| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
咗
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| Foshan
|
咗
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| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
咗
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| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
咗
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| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
哺
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| Zhuhai (Qianshan)
|
咗
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| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
誒, 咗
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| Taishan
|
誒
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| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
誒
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| Enping (Niujiang)
|
誒
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| Dongguan
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敲
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| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
好
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| Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
後, 咗
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| Qingyuan
|
咗
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| Fogang
|
咗
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| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
咗
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| Shaoguan
|
咗
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| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
咗
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| Renhua
|
咗
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| Lechang
|
咗
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| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
咗
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| Xinxing
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標
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| Luoding
|
咗
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| Yangjiang
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都
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| Nanning
|
嗮
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| Nanning (Tanka)
|
嗮
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| Wuzhou
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啊
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| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
了
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| Guiping
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畢
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| Guiping (Mule)
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開, 了
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| Pingnan
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開
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| Guigang (Gangcheng)
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開
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| Guigang (Pingdong)
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開, 了
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| Beihai
|
了
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| Beihai (Nankang)
|
了
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| Beihai (Yingpan)
|
了
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| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
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了, 咗
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| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
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咗
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| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
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了, 咗
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| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
咗
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| Singapore (Guangfu)
|
咗
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| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
咗
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| Móng Cái
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了, 咗
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| Gan
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Nanchang
|
了
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| Lichuan
|
了
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| Hakka
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Meixian
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了
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| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
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拋, 阿
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| Dongguan (Qingxi)
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開
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| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
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開
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| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
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開
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| Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
哩
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| Wuhua (Huacheng)
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哩
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| Wuhua (Changbu)
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哩
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| Wuhua (Mianyang)
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哩
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| Yudu
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了
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| Hong Kong
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開
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| Senai (Huiyang)
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開
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| Kuching (Hepo)
|
了
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| Huizhou
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Jixi
|
了
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| Jin
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Taiyuan
|
咾
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| Xinzhou
|
咾
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| Jiuxing Yumin
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Lanxi
|
了
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| Northern Min
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Jian'ou
|
了
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| Eastern Min
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Fuzhou
|
了, 𡅏
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| Southern Min
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Penang (Hokkien)
|
了
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| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
了
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| Manila (Hokkien)
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了, 囉
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| Chaozhou
|
了
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| Shantou
|
了
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| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
了
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| Southern Pinghua
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Nanning (Tingzi)
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了
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| Wu
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Shanghai
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仔, 了
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| Shanghai (Chongming)
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仔
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| Suzhou
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仔
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| Hangzhou
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得, 了
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| Hangzhou (Yuhang)
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得, 了
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| Ningbo
|
仔
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| Wenzhou
|
爻
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| Jinhua
|
了
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Etymology 2
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Pronunciation
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Definitions
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咗
- A chant sound made while working.
Compounds
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