Wiktionary

單

See also: 单 and 単
單 U+55AE, 單
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55AE
← 喭
[U+55AD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 喯 →
[U+55AF]

Translingual edit

Traditional 單
Shinjitai 単
Simplified 单

Han character edit

單 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 口口田十 (RRWJ), four-corner 66506, composition ⿱吅⿻日十 or ⿱吅⿻甲一)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 200, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3993
  • Dae Jaweon: page 422, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 654, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+55AE

Chinese edit

trad. 單
simp. 单
alternative forms 単
单

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 單
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚲 *taːlʔ
癉 *taːlʔ, *taːls, *taːn, *daːn
奲 *taːlʔ, *tʰjaːlʔ
驒 *daːl, *daːn, *teːn
鼉 *daːl
磾 *teːl
鷤 *deːl, *deːls, *daːn
觶 *tjal, *tjals
單 *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans
鄲 *taːn
殫 *taːn
簞 *taːn
匰 *taːn
襌 *taːn
彈 *daːn, *daːns
貚 *daːn, *deːn
撣 *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan, *taːnʔ
潬 *daːnʔ
僤 *daːnʔ, *daːns, *djan
憚 *daːns
樿 *tjanʔ
燀 *tjanʔ, *tʰjan, *tʰjanʔ
戰 *tjans
闡 *tʰjanʔ
繟 *tʰjanʔ
幝 *tʰjanʔ
嘽 *tʰaːn, *tʰjanʔ
灛 *tʰjanʔ
蟬 *djan
禪 *djan, *djans
嬋 *djan
墠 *djanʔ
鱓 *djanʔ
蕇 *teːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a net to catch animals. The two boxes at the top are weights, the middle section is the net, the bottom is the rope.

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/t)a(n/j) (“single; one; whole; only”). Cognate with 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only; but”).

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • toaⁿ - vernacular;
  • tan - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 單
Mandarin Beijing /tan⁵⁵/
Harbin /tan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tan²¹/
Jinan /tã²¹³/
Qingdao /tã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tan²⁴/
Xi'an /tã²¹/
Xining /tã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /tan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡san⁵⁵/
/san²¹³/ 姓
Kunming /tã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /taŋ³¹/
Hefei /tæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /tɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /tæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /te⁵³/
Suzhou /te̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /ta³³/
Hui Shexian /tɛ³¹/
Tunxi /tɔ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tan³³/
Xiangtan /tan³³/
Gan Nanchang /tan⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tan⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tɑn²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tan⁵³/
Nanning /tan⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tan⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /tan⁵⁵/
/tuã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /taŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tuiŋ⁵⁴/ 名
/tuiŋ²¹/ 形
Shantou (Teochew) /tuã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdaŋ²³/
/ʔdua²³/
Rime
Character 單
Reading # 1/4
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都寒切
Baxter tan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tan/
Li
Rong 		/tɑn/
Wang
Li 		/tɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/tɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		daan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 單
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.tˁar/
English single, simple

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 單
Reading # 1/4
No. 1995
Phonetic
component 		單
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		單
Old
Chinese 		/*taːn/

Definitions edit

單

  1. single; individual; solitary
  2. thin; narrow; faint
  3. simple; uncomplicated
  4. (of clothes) unlined
  5. (mathematics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “odd”).
  6. (linguistics) Short for 單數／单数 (dānshù, “singular”).
  7. cover; bed sheet
  8. list; register; catalogue
  9. only; merely; simply
  10. and; plus
  11. bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    埋單／埋单 [Cantonese]  ―  maai4 daan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to pay a bill
  12. Classifier for cases, deals and businesses.
  13. (Cantonese, derogatory) Classifier for people.
  14. a surname

Compounds edit

Synonyms edit

  • (ticket): 票 (piào), 券 (quàn); (Cantonese) 飛／飞 (fēi)

See also edit

  • (only): 只 (zhǐ)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 單
Reading # 2/4
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 市連切
Baxter dzyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑian/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛn/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 單
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*dar/ (< *[d]ar)
English 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 單
Reading # 2/4
No. 2027
Phonetic
component 		單
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		鋋
Old
Chinese 		/*djan/

Definitions edit

單

  1. † to surround
  2. Used in 單于 (chányú).
  3. Used in 單閼／单阏.

Compounds edit

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 單 單
Reading # 3/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 仙 (77) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 常演切 時戰切
Baxter dzyenX dzyenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ /d͡ʑiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛnX/ /d͡ʑiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjænX/ /d͡ʑjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑianX/ /d͡ʑianH/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiɛnX/ /ʑiɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭɛnX/ /ʑĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ɛnX/ /ʑi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shàn shàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sin6 sin6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 單 單
Reading # 3/4 4/4
No. 2035 2037
Phonetic
component 		單 單
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		善 繕
Old
Chinese 		/*djanʔ/ /*djans/

Definitions edit

單

  1. (～縣) Shan County (a county of Shandong)
  2. a surname

Etymology 4 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

單

  1. Alternative form of 嘽／啴
  2. Alternative form of 繟／𦈎

Etymology 5 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 亶 (“sincere, truthful ; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 亶).

Etymology 6 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 單 – see 憚 (“to fear”).
(This character is a variant form of 憚).

Etymology 7 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

單

  1. Alternative form of 戰／战 (zhàn)
  2. Used in 單至／单至.

Etymology 8 edit

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

單

  1. (rare) a surname

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

単

Kyūjitai

單

Kanji edit

單

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 単)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

Hanja edit

單 (eumhun 홀 단 (hol dan))

  1. Hanja form? of 단 (“single; individual; solitary”).

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

Hanja edit

單 (eumhun 오랑캐 이름 선 (orangkae ireum seon))

  1. Hanja form? of 선 (“a barbarian”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

單: Hán Nôm readings: đơn, đan, thiền, truyên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

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