嗟

Translingual edit

Han character edit

嗟 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口廿手一 (RTQM), four-corner 6801₁, composition ⿰口差)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 203, character 21
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4102
Dae Jaweon: page 426, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 661, character 1
Unihan data for U+55DF

Chinese edit

trad.		嗟
simp. ^#		嗟

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (左) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
左	ʔsaːlʔ, ʔsaːls
佐	*ʔsaːls
袏	*ʔslaːls
蹉	*sʰlaːl
瑳	sʰlaːl, sʰlaːlʔ
搓	*sʰlaːl
磋	*sʰlaːl
溠	sʰlaːl, sraːl, *ʔsraːls
傞	sʰlaːl, slaːl
醝	*zlaːl
瘥	zlaːl, ʔsljal, *sʰreːls
鹺	*zlaːl
嵯	zlaːl, sʰral
嵳	*zlaːl
蒫	zlaːl, ʔsljal, *ʔslɯl
艖	zlaːl, sʰraːl
齹	zlaːl, sʰral, *zral
縒	slaːlʔ, sʰral, *sʰlaːɡ
褨	*slaːlʔ
嗟	*ʔsljal
差	sʰraːl, sʰraːls, sʰreːl, sʰreːl, sʰreːls, sʰral
鎈	*sʰraːl
槎	zraːl, zraːlʔ
髊	*zlals

In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiē, juē (jie¹, jue¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ, ㄐㄩㄝ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ze¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jie
  - Wade–Giles: chieh¹
  - Yale: jyē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: juē
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyue
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh¹
  - Yale: jywē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy̯ɛ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ze¹
  - Yale: jē
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dze¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zé¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛː⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 嗟
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕiɛ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕiɛ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕie²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiə²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕyɛ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕia²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕia²⁴/ /t͡ɕi²⁴/ 新
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕie¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕia³¹/
	Ürümqi
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕia⁵⁵/
	Guiyang
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕieʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡siɪ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕie̞³³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sei³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕye³¹/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sie³³/ /t͡sia³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡siɒ³³/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sia⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sɛ⁵³/
	Nanning	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sia⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sia⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sia⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sa³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡se²³/

Middle Chinese: tsjae

Rime
Character	嗟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子邪切
Baxter	tsjae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sia/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sia/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sia/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sia/
Li Rong	/t͡sia/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭa/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡si̯a/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ze¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tsAj/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsljal/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嗟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiē
Middle Chinese	‹ tsjæ ›
Old Chinese	/*tsAj/
English	sigh; alas!
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嗟
Reading #	1/1
No.	18026
Phonetic component	左
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嗟
Old Chinese	/*ʔsljal/

Definitions edit

嗟

(literary) sigh; alas

Compounds edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiè (jie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiè
  - Wade–Giles: chieh⁴
  - Yale: jyè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/

Definitions edit

嗟

Only used in 咄嗟 (duōjiē, “in a short time”).

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

嗟

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: さ (sa)
Kan-on: しゃ (sha)
Kun: ああ (ā, 嗟); なげく (nageku, 嗟く)
Nanori: ああ (ā)

Etymology edit

The kanji is ateji (当て字).

Interjection edit

嗟(ああ) or 嗟(アー) • (ā)

Alternative form of アー

Korean edit

Hanja edit

嗟 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

嗟: Hán Nôm readings: ta, xơi

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Nom Foundation