Wiktionary

嚴

See also: 严 and 厳
嚴 U+56B4, 嚴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56B4
← 嚳
[U+56B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 嚵 →
[U+56B5]

Translingual edit

Traditional 嚴
Shinjitai 厳
Simplified 严

Han character edit

嚴 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 口口一一大 (RRMMK), four-corner 66248, composition ⿱吅𠪚)

Derived characters edit

Descendants edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 214, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4589
  • Dae Jaweon: page 436, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 702, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+56B4

Chinese edit

trad. 嚴
simp. 严
alternative forms ⿱吅厂
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 嚴
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
撖 *kʰɯːm, *kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉 *l̥ʰaːms, *klaːmʔ
噉 *l'aːmʔ
敢 *klaːmʔ
橄 *klaːmʔ
瞰 *kʰlaːms
闞 *kʰlaːms, *qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨 *qʰaːm, *qʰlaːms
譀 *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖 *ŋraːm
礹 *ŋraːm, *ŋamʔ
豃 *qʰraːmʔ
讝 *kjam
玁 *hŋramʔ
嚴 *ŋam
儼 *ŋamʔ
曮 *ŋamʔ
釅 *ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋam) : semantic 喦 (“talkative”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ, “daring”) – the original script of 譀 (OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb, “exaggerated and absurd words”).

The meanings of “solemn” and “stern” may be a result of phonetic borrowing.

Etymology edit

Schuessler (2007) considers 嚴 (OC *ŋam) to be cognate with the following:

  • 巖 (OC *ŋraːm, “(of mountains) high; lofty”)
  • 儼 (OC *ŋamʔ, “dignified; majestic”)
  • 險 (OC *qʰramʔ, “precipitous; dangerous”)
  • 業 (OC *ŋab, “lofty; large”) (an allofam with a stop final).

They are all Sino-Tibetan in origin. Cognates in Tibetan include Tibetan རྔམ་པ་ (rngam pa, “splendor; majesty”) and Tibetan རྔམས (rngams, “height; splendor”). Burmese ငြမ်း (ngram:, “scaffold”) may also be a cognate.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • nyian2 - literary;
  • ngan2 - vernacular.
Note:
  • gân - vernacular;
  • giâm - literary.
Note:
  • ngiam5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang;
  • ngiang5 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 嚴
Mandarin Beijing /ian³⁵/
Harbin /ian²⁴/
Tianjin /ian⁴⁵/
Jinan /iã⁴²/
Qingdao /iã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ian⁴²/
Xi'an /iã²⁴/
Xining /iã²⁴/
Yinchuan /ian⁵³/
Lanzhou /iɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ian⁵¹/
Wuhan /iɛn²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵian³¹/
Guiyang /nian²¹/
/ian²¹/ 新
Kunming /iɛ̃³¹/
Nanjing /ien²⁴/
Hefei /iĩ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ie¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵie̞¹³/
Hohhot /ie³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵi²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɪ¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵiẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ȵi³¹/
Hui Shexian /ne⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵiɛ¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiẽ¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵiẽ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiam¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jim²¹/
Nanning /jim²¹/
Hong Kong /jim²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋieŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋiam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ŋiam³¹/
Rime
Character 嚴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 嚴 (145)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語𩏩切
Baxter ngjaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋɨɐm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋiɐm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiɐm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋɨam/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiɐm/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɐm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯ɐm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jim4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 嚴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjæm ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋ(r)am/
English stern, majestic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 嚴
Reading # 1/1
No. 3692
Phonetic
component 		敢
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		嚴
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋam/
  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Dungan”

Definitions edit

嚴

  1. strict; rigorous; rigid
    嚴格／严格  ―  yángé  ―  strict; stringent
    嚴謹／严谨  ―  yánjǐn  ―  rigorous; strict
    對自己要求很嚴／对自己要求很严  ―  duì zìjǐ yàoqiú hěn yán  ―  to be strict with oneself
  2. solemn; majestic; stately; grave
    莊嚴／庄严  ―  zhuāngyán  ―  solemn
    尊嚴／尊严  ―  zūnyán  ―  dignity
  3. urgent; pressing
    嚴重／严重  ―  yánzhòng  ―  severe; critical
  4. severe; intense
    嚴冬／严冬  ―  yándōng  ―  severe winter; harsh winter
    嚴刑峻法／严刑峻法  ―  yánxíngjùnfǎ  ―  draconian law
  5. (of a door, mouth, defense, etc.) tight
    嚴密／严密  ―  yánmì  ―  tight; difficult to penetrate
  6. (literary) to respect
  7. (literary) to fear
  8. (honorific) father
    家嚴／家严  ―  jiāyán  ―  my father
  9. a surname
    嚴復／严复  ―  Yán Fù  ―  Yan Fu (scholar and translator)

Synonyms edit

  • (strict):
  • (solemn):
  • (severe):
  • (father):
Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 父, 爺, 嚴 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 父親
Mandarin Beijing 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親
Taiwan 爸爸, 爸
Tianjin 爸爸, 老爸, 爹
Chengde 爸爸
Tangshan 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Cangzhou 爸爸, 爹, 伯
Baoding 爸爸
Shijiazhuang 爸爸, 爹
Chifeng 爸爸
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 爸爸
Heihe 父親, 爸爸
Qiqihar 爸爸
Harbin 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 父親
Jiamusi 父親, 爸爸
Baicheng 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Changchun 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Tonghua 爸爸, 爹
Shenyang 爸爸, 父親, 爹, 阿瑪 dated, Manchus
Dandong 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Jinzhou 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Dalian 爸爸
Yantai 爹
Yantai (Muping) 爹, 爸爸
Qingdao 爸爸, 爹
Lijin 爹
Zhucheng 大大, 爺, 爸爸
Jinan 爸爸, 爹, 大 Hui, 大大 Hui
Jining 爸爸, 大
Luoyang 爹, 爸爸
Wanrong 爸, 爹
Shangqiu 爸爸, 爹, 大
Yuanyang 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Zhengzhou 爹, 伯, 達 Hui or suburbs
Lingbao 爹, 大
Xinyang 爸
Baihe 父親, 爹, 爸爸
Hanzhong 父親, 爸爸
Xi'an 爸, 爸爸, 達 Hui
Baoji 父親, 爸, 爹, 伯
Yinchuan 爹, 爸爸, 父親
Tianshui 爸爸, 大
Lanzhou 爹, 爸爸, 老子 <>, 老爹 <>, 父親
Dunhuang 大大, 爸, 爹爹
Xining 阿達, 達達, 爹
Hami 大大
Ürümqi 爸爸, 爹, 爹爹, 達, 達達, 阿達 Hui, 先人 <>, 老爹 <>, 達當子 <>
Yanqi 爹, 達達 Hui, 阿達 Hui, 老爹 <>
Wuhan 爸爸, 爹 dated, 伯伯 <>, dated, 老子 <>, 老頭 <>, 點頭磕 <>, dated, 父老二 <>, dated, casual, 八叉 <>, dated, slang, 父親
Huanggang 伯
Xiangyang 父親, 爸爸, 伯伯
Tianmen 父親, 爸爸, 爹, 大大
Hong'an 父親, 父, 爸爸, 伯伯, 伯
Chengdu 爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒 <>, 老把子 <>, 老漢兒 <>
Nanchong 父親, 爸爸
Dazhou 爸爸, 爹
Hanyuan 父親, 爸爸, 爸爸
Xichang 父親, 爸爸
Zigong 父親, 大大, 爺, 爸爸, 爹
Chongqing 老漢兒, 爸爸
Guiyang 爸爸, 爹 dated, 老爹 <>, 老者 <>, 老者者 <>
Zunyi 爹, 爸爸
Bijie 爸爸, 老伯
Liping 爹
Zhaotong 爸爸, 爺爺, 大爹
Dali 阿爹
Kunming 爸爸, 父親, 爹
Mengzi 爸爸
Guilin 爸爸
Liuzhou 爸, 阿爸, 爹, 老爹 <>, 爹老 <>, 爺老 <>, 老頭子 <>
Jishou 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Changde 爹
Anqing 父親, 爸爸, 伯伯, 大大
Xuzhou 答答, 爸爸, 父親
Fuyang 父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸, 大大, 大
Wuhu 爸爸, 大大
Yangzhou 爸爸, 爹爹, 老子 <>, 父親
Lianyungang 父親, 爸爸, 大大
Lianshui 父親, 爺
Nanjing 爹, 爸爸, 伯伯, 爹爹
Hefei 伯伯, 爺
Nantong 父, 父啊, 爸, 爸爸, 爺 <>
Malaysia 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋
Singapore 爸爸, 爸, 老爸 <>
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 達達, 達, 阿達
Mae Salong (Lancang) 阿爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 爸, 爹, 爺
Cantonese Guangzhou 阿爸, 爸爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>
Hong Kong 阿爸, 爸爸, 爸, 爹哋, 爸B, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 爹, 阿爸 <>, 爸 <>
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 爸爸
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 阿爸
Macau 阿爸, 爹哋, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Panyu) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 爸爸, 阿叔 dated, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Conghua) 阿叔, 阿伯, 老豆 <>
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿哥, 阿叔, 奶公, 阿爺, 老豆 <>
Foshan 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 阿叔, 老豆 <>
Foshan (Shunde) 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Foshan (Sanshui) 阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>, 伯爺 <>, dated
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 阿爸, 老子 <>, 老豆 <>
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Zhuhai (Doumen) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Jiangmen (Baisha) 阿爸, 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Taishan 阿爸, 阿爹, 阿爺, 老豆 <>
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Enping (Niujiang) 阿爹, 老豆 <>
Heshan (Yayao) 阿爸, 老豆 <>
Dongguan 阿爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish, 阿大 rare, 老子 <>
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Shaoguan 老豆, 阿爸
Yunfu 老豆, 阿爸
Yangjiang 阿爸, 阿爹 <>, 老豆 <>
Xinyi 老豆, 阿爸
Lianjiang 阿爸, 老豆, 爸爸
Nanning 阿爸, 爸, 老豆, 老嘢 <>
Hepu (Lianzhou) 爸爸, 阿叔, 叔公, 阿哥, 俺老子 <>, 老豆 <>
Hepu (Shatian) 爸爸, 阿公, 俺公 <>
Beihai 爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>
Beihai (Nankang) 爸爸, 阿叔, 老豆 <>
Beihai (Yingpan) 阿爸, 阿叔, 阿哥, 老豆 <>
Danzhou 爺
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 老豆, 阿爸, 爹哋, 老頭子 <>
Singapore (Guangfu) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Gan Nanchang 爸爸, 爺, 老子 <>, 爺老子 <>
Lichuan 爺, 伯伯, 家父 <>
Pingxiang 爺爺, 爹爹, 爸爸, 爺老子 <>
Hakka Meixian 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Xingning 阿爸
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 阿爸, 爸爸, 老豆 <>
Huiyang 阿爸
Huidong (Daling) 阿爸
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿爸, 爸爸
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿爸, 爸爸
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 阿爸, 爺子 <>
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 阿爸
Wuhua (Huacheng) 阿爸
Wuhua (Changbu) 阿爺, 阿爸
Wuhua (Mianyang) 阿爸
Wuhua (Meilin) 阿爸
Heyuan (Bendihua) 阿爸
Wengyuan 阿爸
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 阿爸
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 阿爸
Liannan 爸
Conghua (Lütian) 阿爸, 父親 <>
Jiexi 爺
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 阿爸
Changting 爹爹, 哥哥, 爹哩
Wuping 阿哥, 伯
Wuping (Yanqian) 爺哩
Wuping (Pingyu) 爸
Liancheng 伯
Ninghua 哥哥, 爹
Yudu 爸爸, 爺老 <>
Ningdu 爹
Ruijin 爹爹, 爹子
Shicheng 爹, 爸爸
Shangyou (Shexi) 爸爸
Tonggu (Sandu) 爸爸
Ganzhou (Panlong) 爸爸
Dayu 爸爸, 爺爺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿爸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿爸, 爺仔 <>
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿怙, 阿爺 <>
Hong Kong 阿爸
Yangxi (Tangkou) 老子
Yangchun (Sanjia) 阿爸
Xinyi (Sihe) 阿爸, 老子
Xinyi (Qianpai) 阿爸, 老豆
Gaozhou (Xindong) 阿爸
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 阿叔, 阿爹, 阿哥, 阿爸
Huazhou (Xin'an) 老子
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 阿爸
Lianjiang (Qingping) 阿爸
Mengshan (Xihe) 爸, 哥
Luchuan 阿爸
Sabah (Longchuan) 阿爸
Senai (Huiyang) 阿爸
Singkawang 阿爸
Huizhou Jixi 伯伯, 爹, 老子 <>
Shexian 伯, 爺, 相, 爸爸, 大
Tunxi 爹, 爺, 爸
Xiuning 爺, 阿爺
Yixian 爹爹, 爸爸, 官人
Qimen 爺兒, 伯兒
Wuyuan 爸爸, 爺
Jin Taiyuan 爸爸, 大大, 大, 爹, 老子 <>
Pingyao 爹
Yangyuan 父親, 爹, 爸爸, 爸
Datong 父親, 爸爸, 爹
Xinzhou 大大, 大
Lishi 父親, 爸爸, 爹, 老子
Linfen 爸
Changzhi 爸爸, 爹
Linhe 父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子
Jining 爸爸, 大
Hohhot 父親, 爸爸, 大, 老子
Erenhot 父親, 爸爸, 大
Pingshan 爹
Zhangjiakou 父親, 爸爸, 爸, 爹, 大
Handan 父親, 爹
Linzhou 爹
Suide 爸爸, 老子
Northern Min Jian'ou 爸爸, 爺爺 dated, 爹 <>
Eastern Min Fuzhou 依爹, 依爸, 依爺 dated, 郎爸 <>
Fuqing 爸, 爸爸, 官, 阿伯, 阿哥, 阿叔
Matsu 依爹
Singapore (Fuqing) 爸爸
Southern Min Xiamen 阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated
Xiamen (Tong'an) 老爸 <>, 俺爸
Quanzhou 阿爸, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>
Zhangzhou 阿爸, 阿官, 阿叔 euphemistic, 老爸 <>, 老的 <>, 娘爸 <>, dated
Pinghe 娘爸 <>
Zhao'an 爸, 老大 <>, 老爸 <>
Taipei 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
New Taipei (Sanxia) 老歲仔, 老的, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Kaohsiung 爸爸, 阿丈, 阿爸, 阿將, 老爸 <>
Yilan 阿丈, 阿叔, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Changhua (Lukang) 阿府, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Taichung 爸爸, 老爸 <>
Tainan 多桑, 爸爸, 阿叔, 阿爸, 俺二仔, 俺爹, 俺爸, 老爸 <>
Hsinchu 阿爹, 爸爸, 老爸 <>
Kinmen 俺爹, 俺爸
Penghu (Magong) 阿爸, 爹, 二仔, 爸爸, 老爸 <>
Penang (Hokkien) 阿爸, 爸, 爸爸, 老爸 <>, 爹 <>, 老的 <>
Singapore (Hokkien) 爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Manila (Hokkien) 爸爸, 爸, 阿爸, 老爸 <>
Chaozhou 阿爸, 阿爹, 阿父 <>, 父 <>
Shantou 阿爸, 阿父 <>, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific
Shantou (Chenghai) 阿爸, 父 <>, 大人 <>, honorific
Jieyang 阿爸, 阿父, 阿爹
Haifeng 爸, 爸爸, 阿爸, 父, 爹
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿爸, 爸爸, 阿父 <>, 爸 <>
Singapore (Teochew) 阿父, 父 <>
Batam (Teochew) 阿父
Leizhou 爸, 兄 dated, 阿 dated, 尼父 <>, 父 <>, 尼阿 <>, dated
Haikou 阿爹, 阿兄, 阿官, 阿爸, 爸 <>
Puxian Min Putian 阿爸, 郎爸 <>
Xianyou 郎爸 <>
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 爸爸, 爹, 老子 <>
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 爸, 數字, 數老, 阿叔 dated, 老子 <>
Wu Shanghai 爸爸, 老爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿伯 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 爹爹, 阿爹 uncommon, 爺, 爺爺
Suzhou 爹爹
Danyang 爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
Hangzhou 爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老子 <>
Ningbo 阿伯, 爸爸, 爹 <>, 阿爹 <>, 老頭子
Wenzhou 阿爸, 阿伯, 阿大
Jinhua 伯伯, 爹爹, 爸爸
Jinhua (Tangxi) 伯
Xiang Changsha 爹爹, 爺爺, 爺, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>
Loudi 爹爹, 爺老倌 <>, 爺老子 <>, 爺 <>, 老人家 <>
Shuangfeng 爹爹, 爺
Note <> - non-face-to-face
Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“father (non-face-to-face)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 父, 爺, 嚴 honorific
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 父親
Mandarin Beijing 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Taiwan 爸爸, 爸
Tianjin 爸爸
Harbin 爸爸, 爸, 爹
Shenyang 爸爸
Yantai (Muping) 爹, 爸爸
Jinan 爸爸, 爹, 大 Hui, 大大 Hui
Luoyang 爹, 爸爸
Wanrong 爸, 爹
Xi'an 爸, 達 Hui
Yinchuan 爹, 爸爸
Lanzhou 爹, 爸爸, 老子, 老爹
Xining 阿達, 達達, 爹
Ürümqi 爸爸, 先人, 老爹, 達, 達當子
Yanqi 老爹
Wuhan 爸爸, 老子, 老頭, 爹 dated, 伯伯 dated, 點頭磕 dated, 父老二 dated, casual, 八叉 dated, slang
Chengdu 爸爸, 爸, 老頭兒, 老把子, 老漢兒
Guiyang 爸爸, 老爹, 老者, 老者者
Kunming 爸爸
Liuzhou 老爹, 爹老, 爺老, 老頭子
Xuzhou 答答, 爸爸, 老頭兒, 老頭子
Yangzhou 爸爸, 爹爹, 老子
Nanjing 爹, 爸爸, 伯伯
Hefei 伯伯
Nantong 爺
Singapore 爸爸, 老爸
Mae Salong (Lancang) 阿爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 爸, 爹, 爺
Cantonese Guangzhou 老豆, 爸爸, 阿爸, 伯爺
Hong Kong 老豆, 爸爸, 阿爸, 爹哋, 伯爺, 花打
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 阿爸, 爸
Macau 老豆
Guangzhou (Panyu) 老豆
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 老豆
Guangzhou (Conghua) 老豆
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 老豆
Foshan 老豆
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 老豆
Foshan (Shunde) 老豆
Foshan (Sanshui) 老豆, 伯爺 dated
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 老豆
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 老子, 老豆
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 老豆
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 老豆
Zhuhai (Doumen) 老豆
Jiangmen (Baisha) 老豆
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 老豆
Taishan 老豆
Kaiping (Chikan) 老豆
Enping (Niujiang) 老豆
Heshan (Yayao) 老豆
Dongguan 老豆, 阿爸, 老子, 爸爸 childish, 爹哋 childish, 爸B childish
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 老豆
Yangjiang 阿爹
Nanning 爸, 老豆, 老嘢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 俺老子, 老豆
Hepu (Shatian) 俺公
Beihai 老豆
Beihai (Nankang) 老豆
Beihai (Yingpan) 老豆, 阿爸
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 老豆
Singapore (Guangfu) 老豆, 阿爸
Gan Nanchang 爸爸, 老子, 爺老子
Lichuan 爺, 家父
Pingxiang 爺老子
Hakka Meixian 阿爸, 爺仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 老豆
Dongguan (Qingxi) 阿爸
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 阿爸
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 爺子
Wuhua (Meilin) 阿爸
Conghua (Lütian) 父親
Yudu 爺老
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿爸, 爺仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 阿爸, 爺仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 阿爸, 爺仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 阿爸
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 阿爸, 爺仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 阿怙, 阿爺
Huizhou Jixi 老子
Jin Taiyuan 老子, 大大, 大, 爹
Northern Min Jian'ou 爹
Eastern Min Fuzhou 郎爸
Southern Min Xiamen 老爸, 娘爸 dated
Xiamen (Tong'an) 老爸
Quanzhou 老爸
Jinjiang 老爸
Zhangzhou 老爸, 娘爸 dated
Pinghe 娘爸
Zhao'an 老爸
Taipei 老爸
New Taipei (Sanxia) 老爸, 阿爸
Kaohsiung 老爸
Yilan 老爸
Changhua (Lukang) 老爸
Taichung 老爸, 爸爸
Tainan 老爸, 俺爸
Hsinchu 老爸, 阿爹, 爸爸
Kinmen 俺爹
Penghu (Magong) 老爸
Penang (Hokkien) 老爸, 阿爸, 爸, 爸爸, 爹, 老的
Singapore (Hokkien) 老爸
Manila (Hokkien) 老爸
Chaozhou 阿父, 父
Shantou 阿父, 父, 大人 honorific
Shantou (Chenghai) 父, 大人 honorific
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 阿父, 爸
Singapore (Teochew) 父, 阿父
Leizhou 尼父, 父, 尼阿 dated
Haikou 爸
Puxian Min Putian 郎爸
Xianyou 郎爸
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 爸, 老子, 數字, 數老, 阿叔 dated
Binyang 父親, 叔
Wu Shanghai 爸爸, 老爸, 爹爹 dated, 阿伯 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 爺, 爺爺
Suzhou 爺
Danyang 爹爹, 爹, 爸爸
Hangzhou 爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老子
Ningbo 爹, 阿爹, 阿伯, 爸爸, 老頭子
Wenzhou 阿爸, 阿伯
Jinhua 爺
Xiang Changsha 爺老倌, 爺老子, 爹爹, 爺爺, 爺
Loudi 爹爹, 爺老倌, 爺老子, 爺, 老人家
Shuangfeng 爹爹

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (嚴):
  • → Japanese: 厳(ごん) (gon); 厳(げん) (gen)
  • → Korean: 엄(嚴) (eom)
  • → Vietnamese: nghiêm (嚴)

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

厳

Kyūjitai

嚴

Kanji edit

嚴

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 厳)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 厳 (strictness, severity, rigidity)

Readings edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

嚴 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)

  1. strict, rigorous, rigid
  2. stern

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

嚴: Hán Nôm readings: nghiêm, ngàm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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