墳墓

See also: 坟墓

Chinese edit

		a grave	tomb
trad. (墳墓)		墳	墓
simp. (坟墓)		坟	墓

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): fénmù

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˊ ㄇㄨˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen² mo⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): fan⁴ mou⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùn-mu
Eastern Min (BUC): hùng-muó
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hûn-bōng / hûn-mō͘ / hûn-bō͘ / phûn-bōng / phûn-bō͘
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ven-mu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fénmù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˊ ㄇㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fénmù
  - Wade–Giles: fên²-mu⁴
  - Yale: fén-mù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fernmuh
  - Palladius: фэньму (fɛnʹmu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən³⁵ mu⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fen² mo⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fenmo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fən²¹ mo²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fan⁴ mou⁶
  - Yale: fàhn mouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fan⁴ mou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fen⁴ mou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɐn²¹ mou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùn-mu
  - Hakka Romanization System: funˇ mu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fun² mu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹ mu⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng-muó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³⁻²¹ muɔ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn-bōng
  - Tâi-lô: hûn-bōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunbong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³⁻²² bɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn-mō͘
  - Tâi-lô: hûn-mōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunmo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴⁻²² mɔ̃⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn-bō͘
  - Tâi-lô: hûn-bōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hunbo
  - IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔ³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phûn-bōng
  - Tâi-lô: phûn-bōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phunbong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phûn-bō͘
  - Tâi-lô: phûn-bōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phunbo
  - IPA (Taipei): /pʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶ven-mu
  - MiniDict: ven^去 mu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ven-mu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²² mu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: bjun muH

Rime
Character	墳	墓
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	文 (59)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	符分切	莫故切
Baxter	bjun	muH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨun/	/muo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/biun/	/muo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/biuən/	/mo^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bun/	/mɔ^H/
Li Rong	/biuən/	/mo^H/
Wang Li	/bĭuən/	/mu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uən/	/muo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fén	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fan⁴	mou⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*bɯn maːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	墓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mu^H ›
Old Chinese	/*C.mˁak-s/
English	grave (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	墳	墓
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	454	9250
Phonetic component	奔	莫
Rime group	文	暮
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	汾	暮
Old Chinese	/*bɯn/	/*maːɡs/

Noun edit

墳墓

grave; tomb (Classifier: 座)

Synonyms edit

墓葬 (mùzàng)
墳／坟
墳包／坟包 (fen² bao¹) (Sichuanese)
墳塚／坟冢 (fénzhǒng) (literary)
宅兆 (zháizhào) (literary)
風水／风水 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)

Dialectal synonyms of 墳 (“grave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		墳墓, 墳
Mandarin	Beijing	墳
	Harbin	墳
	Yantai (Muping)	墳
	Jinan	墳
	Luoyang	墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓
	Wanrong	墳, 墓
	Xi'an	墳, 墓
	Yinchuan	墳塋
	Ürümqi	墳
	Wuhan	墳
	Chengdu	墳, 墳墓
	Chongqing	墳, 墳墓
	Guiyang	墳, 墳墓 large
	Guilin	墳
	Liuzhou	墳, 山
	Xuzhou	墳墓, 墳
	Yangzhou	墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子
	Nanjing	墳
	Hefei	墳堰
	Changle (Qinjiang)	墳
	Singapore	墓, 墳墓
	Dagudi (Maliba)	墳堆
	Reshuitang (Longling)	墳堆
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	墳堆
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	墳
Cantonese	Guangzhou	山墳, 山, 墳
	Hong Kong	山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	墳頭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	墳頭
	Macau	墳墓
	Taishan (Guanghai)	墳墓
	Dongguan	墓
	Yangjiang	山, 墳山
	Maoming (Xinpo)	墳山
	Nanning	墳山
	Wuzhou	墳山
	Yulin	墳山
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	墳山, 山
	Hepu (Shatian)	山
	Beihai	墳, 山
	Beihai (Nankang)	墳
	Beihai (Yingpan)	山, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	墳墓, 墳山
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	墳墓
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	山墳, 義山
	Singapore (Guangfu)	墳墓
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	山墳
	Móng Cái	墳墓
	Mandalay (Taishan)	墳山, 墳墓
Gan	Nanchang	墳
	Lichuan	墳, 墳塋 large
	Jianning	地
	Taining	地
Hakka	Meixian	地, 墓
	Xingning	泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial
	Huidong (Daling)	地
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	墳頭
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	地, 地墳
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	地
	Wengyuan	地墳
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	地
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	地 second burial
	Liannan	墳
	Jiexi	地
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	地
	Pinghe (Jiufeng)	地
	Changting	地
	Shanghang	地
	Yongding	地
	Wuping	地
	Wuping (Yanqian)	地, 死佬
	Wuping (Pingyu)	地
	Liancheng	地
	Ninghua	地
	Qingliu	地
	Yudu	地
	Ruijin	地, 風水
	Shicheng	地
	Shangyou (Shexi)	地
	Tonggu (Sandu)	墳, 地
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	地
	Dayu	地
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	風水
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	風水
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	風水
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	風水
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	地, 風水
	Hong Kong	墳頭
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	山
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	山, 山頭
	Xinyi (Sihe)	山地
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	墳山
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	墳地
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	墳山
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	墳地
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	墳, 墳地
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	墳, 地 without a body buried
	Mengshan (Xihe)	墳地
	Luchuan	山
	Senai (Huiyang)	墳, 風水, 義山
	Senai (Hepo)	墳墓, 地 dated
	Singkawang	地, 地門堂
	Pontianak (Meixian)	地
Jin	Taiyuan	墳, 墓
Northern Min	Jian'ou	塚
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	塚
	Songxi	塚
	Zhenghe	塚
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	塚
	Jianyang	塚
	Wuyishan	塚
	Pucheng (Shibei)	塚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	墓
	Changle	墓
	Lianjiang	墓
	Fuqing	墓
	Pingtan	墓
	Yongtai	墓
	Minqing	墓
	Gutian	地, 墓
	Pingnan	墓
	Luoyuan	墓
	Fu'an	墓
	Ningde	墓
	Xiapu	墓
	Zherong	墓
	Shouning	墓
	Zhouning	墓
	Fuding	墓
Southern Min	Xiamen	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	墓
	Quanzhou	墓, 風水
	Jinjiang	墓
	Nan'an	墓
	Shishi	墓
	Hui'an	墓
	Anxi	墓
	Yongchun	墓
	Dehua	墓
	Zhangzhou	墓, 墓仔, 風水
	Zhangzhou (Longhai)	墓
	Zhangzhou (Changtai)	墓
	Hua'an	墓
	Nanjing	墓
	Pinghe	墓仔
	Zhangpu	墓
	Yunxiao	墓
	Zhao'an	墓
	Dongshan	墓
	Tainan	墓, 風水
	Kinmen	墓
	Penang (Hokkien)	墓
	Singapore (Hokkien)	墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated
	Manila (Hokkien)	墓, 風水
	Longyan	墓
	Zhangping	墓
	Datian	墓
	Chaozhou	墳, 風水
	Lufeng	風水
	Haifeng	風水
	Bangkok (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	墳
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	墳
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	墳, 義山
	Singapore (Teochew)	墳
	Leizhou	墓
	Haikou	墓
Puxian Min	Putian	墓
Puxian Min	Xianyou	墓
Central Min	Yong'an	墳
	Sanyuan	墳
	Shaxian	墳
Shaojiang Min	Shaowu	墓
	Guangze	墓
	Jiangle	地
	Mingxi	地
	Shunchang	塚, 墳
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	墳墓, 山
Shehua	Fu'an	墓
	Fuding	墓
	Luoyuan	墳
	Sanming	墳
	Shunchang	墳
	Hua'an	墳
	Guixi (Zhangping)	墳
	Cangnan	墳
	Jingning	墳
	Lishui	墳
	Longyou	墳
	Chaozhou	墳
	Fengshun	墳
Wu	Shanghai	墳, 墳墓, 墓
	Shanghai (Chongming)	墳
	Suzhou	墳
	Danyang	墳墓
	Hangzhou	墳
	Ningbo	墳, 墓
	Wenzhou	墳
	Yiwu	墳頭
	Pucheng	墳
Xiang	Changsha	墳
	Loudi	墳, 墓
	Shuangfeng	墳, 墓
	Jiangyong	祖

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (墳墓):

→ Japanese: 墳(ふん)墓(ぼ) (funbo)
→ Korean: 분묘(墳墓) (bunmyo)
→ Vietnamese: phần mộ (墳墓)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
墳	墓
ふん Grade: S	ぼ Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟̃ᵝmbo̞]

Noun edit

墳(ふん)墓(ぼ) • (funbo)

(archaeology) grave; tomb

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
墳	墓

Noun edit

墳墓 • (bunmyo) (hangeul 분묘)

Hanja form^? of 분묘 (“grave; tomb”).

Vietnamese edit

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
墳	墓

Noun edit

墳墓

chữ Hán form of phần mộ (“grave; tomb”).