天道

Chinese edit

		day; sky; heaven	direction; way; method direction; way; method; road; path; principle; truth; reason; skill; Tao (of Taoism); a measure word; to say; to speak; to talk
trad. (天道)		天	道
simp. ^#(天道)		天	道

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tiāndào

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢㄉㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ dou⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thian-tō

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tiāndào → tiāndao (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢㄉㄠˋ → ㄊㄧㄢ ˙ㄉㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tiandåo
  - Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-tao⁵
  - Yale: tyān-dau
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tian.daw
  - Palladius: тяньдао (tjanʹdao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯⁵¹/ → /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ d̥ɑʊ̯²/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tin¹ dou⁶
  - Yale: tīn douh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ dou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ dou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ tou̯²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-tō
  - Tâi-lô: thian-tō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiendoi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ to⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² to²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ to³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ tɤ³³/

Noun edit

天道

(literary, philosophy) laws of nature; laws of heaven
(regional) weather

Synonyms edit

(laws of nature): 大器 (dàqì)

Dialectal synonyms of 天氣 (“weather”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		氣候, 天景, 氣
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		天氣
Mandarin	Beijing	天氣, 天兒
	Taiwan	天氣
	Tianjin	天兒
	Tangshan	天氣, 天頭
	Cangzhou	天氣
	Baoding	天氣, 天道
	Shijiazhuang	天氣
	Ulanhot	天頭
	Tongliao	天頭
	Chifeng	天氣
	Bayanhot	天氣
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	天氣
	Harbin	天氣, 天兒, 天
	Shenyang	天氣, 天頭
	Yantai (Muping)	天氣
	Qingdao	天氣, 天兒
	Jinan	天氣, 天兒
	Luoyang	天氣
	Wanrong	天氣
	Zhengzhou	天氣
	Xi'an	天氣
	Dingbian	天, 天氣
	Yinchuan	天氣
	Lanzhou	天氣
	Xining	天氣, 天氣兒
	Ürümqi	天氣, 天
	Wuhan	天氣, 天道
	Huanggang	天頭
	Chengdu	天氣
	Guiyang	天氣
	Kunming	天氣
	Guilin	天氣
	Guilin (Lingui)	天氣
	Pingle	天氣
	Liuzhou	天氣, 天時
	Liuzhou (Luorong)	天氣
	Luzhai	天氣
	Nanning (Wuming)	天氣, 天色
	Yizhou	天氣, 天時
	Luocheng (Dongmen)	天氣
	Tianlin (Langping)	天氣
	Xuzhou	天氣, 天
	Yangzhou	天氣, 天
	Nanjing	天氣, 天
	Hefei	天氣
	Nantong	天氣
	Qimen (Anling Junhua)	天氣
	Malaysia	天氣
	Singapore	天氣
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	天氣
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	天氣
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	天氣, 天時
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	天氣
	Oudomxay	天氣
	Pematangsiantar	天氣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	天氣, 天時, 天候
	Hong Kong	天氣, 天時, 天候
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	天候, 天時
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	天時, 天氣
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	天時
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	天時
	Macau	天氣
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	天時
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	天氣
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	天時
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	天氣
	Foshan	天時
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	天時
	Foshan (Shunde)	天氣
	Foshan (Sanshui)	天氣
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	天氣
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	天時
	Zhongshan (Chongkoumen Tanka)	天氣
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	天時
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	天時
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	天時
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	天時
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	天時
	Taishan	天時, 天氣
	Taishan (Guanghai)	天氣
	Kaiping (Chikan)	天時
	Enping (Niujiang)	天時
	Heshan (Yayao)	天氣
	Dongguan	天時, 天氣
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	天時
	Qingyuan	天時
	Fogang	天時
	Yingde (Hanguang)	天時
	Yangshan	天氣
	Lianshan (Butian)	天氣
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	天氣
	Shaoguan	天時
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	天候, 天氣
	Renhua	天時
	Lechang	天氣
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	天氣
	Sihui	天時
	Guangning	天時
	Deqing	天時, 天氣
	Huaiji	天時
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	天氣
	Yunfu	天氣
	Xinxing	天時
	Luoding	天時
	Yunan (Pingtai)	天氣
	Yangjiang	天時, 天氣
	Xinyi	天氣
	Lianjiang	天氣
	Nanning	天氣
	Wuzhou	天氣
	Yulin	天氣
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	天時, 天氣
	Hepu (Shatian)	天時
	Guiping	天氣
	Guiping (Jintian)	天氣
	Guiping (Jiangkou)	天氣, 天時, 天色
	Guiping (Madong)	天氣, 天色
	Mengshan (Xihe)	天色
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	天氣
Beiliu	天氣, 天色
Beiliu (Tangliao)	天色
Baise	天氣
Bobai	天氣
Lingshan	天氣
Pubei	天氣
Qinzhou	天氣
Beihai	天氣, 天時
Beihai (Nankang)	天時
Beihai (Yingpan)	天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	天氣, 天時
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	天氣, 天時
Ningming	天氣
Hengzhou	天氣
Hezhou (Pumen)	天氣
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	天氣, 天時
Lingchuan (Yangjia)	天時
Pingle (Majia)	天氣
Pingle (Shuishan)	天氣
Danzhou	天
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	天時, 天氣
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	天時
Móng Cái	天氣, 天時
Yangon (Taishan)	天氣, 氣候
Mandalay (Taishan)	天氣
Bangkok (Guangfu)	天時
Gan	Nanchang	天氣, 天色
	Pengze	天勢
	Lichuan	天氣, 天頭
	Pingxiang	天, 天氣
Hakka	Meixian	天氣, 天色, 天時
	Xingning	天時
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	天時
	Huidong (Daling)	天時
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	天時
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	天時
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	天時
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	天時
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	天時
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	天時
	Conghua (Lütian)	天氣
	Changting	天時
	Wuping	天時
	Wuping (Pingyu)	天時
	Liancheng	天時
	Liancheng (Peitian)	天意
	Yudu	天氣
	Ruijin	天氣
	Shicheng	天頭
	Shangyou (Shexi)	天色
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	天時, 天氣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	天時, 天氣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	天時, 天氣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	天時, 天氣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	天時, 天氣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	天氣
	Hong Kong	天時
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	天氣
	Bobai (Shahe)	天氣
	Bobai (Longtan)	天氣
	Bobai (Lingping)	天氣, 天時
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	天時
	Beiliu (Gonghe, Xilang)	天氣
	Mashan (Pianlian)	天氣
	Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui)	天氣
	Pingle (Tong'an)	天氣
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	天氣
	Sabah (Longchuan)	天時
	Senai (Huiyang)	天時
	Singkawang	天時, 天氣
	Pontianak (Meixian)	天時, 天氣
	Bangkok (Meixian)	天時
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	天氣
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	天時
Huizhou	Jixi	天公
	Shexian	天氣
	Shexian (Xianggao)	天氣
	Shexian (Daguyun)	天氣
	Qimen (Anling Minhua)	天氣
Jin	Taiyuan	天氣, 天
	Datong	天氣
	Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou)	天氣
	Xinzhou	天氣
	Changzhi	天氣
	Taibus (Baochang)	天氣
	Linhe	天氣
	Jining	天氣
	Hohhot	天氣, 氣候
	Baotou	天氣
	Dongsheng	天氣
	Haibowan	天氣
	Zhangjiakou	天氣
	Handan	天氣
Northern Min	Jian'ou	天氣, 天時
Northern Min	Pucheng (Shibei)	天氣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	天氣, 天時
	Fuqing	天氣
	Matsu	天氣
Southern Min	Xiamen	天時, 天氣
	Quanzhou	天時, 天氣
	Shishi	天時
	Yongchun	天色
	Zhangzhou	天時, 天氣
	Zhao'an	天氣, 天時
	Dongshan	天時
	Penang (Hokkien)	天時
	Singapore (Hokkien)	天時, 天氣
	Manila (Hokkien)	天氣
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	天氣
	Guiping (Xiaowen)	天氣
	Guiping (Dongsheng)	天氣
	Guilin (Biyange)	天氣
	Yuhuan (Kanmen)	天時
	Chaozhou	天時, 天氣
	Shantou	天時
	Shantou (Chenghai)	天時
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	天時
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	天時
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	天時
	Jieyang	天時
	Lufeng	天時
	Haifeng	天時
	Bangkok (Teochew)	天時
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	天時
	Singapore (Teochew)	天時
	Pontianak (Teochew)	天時
	Wenchang	天氣
	Haikou	天時
	Qionghai	天氣
	Singapore (Hainanese)	天氣
Puxian Min	Putian	天時
Puxian Min	Xianyou	天時
Central Min	Yong'an	天氣
Central Min	Yanping (Wangtai)	天氣
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	天時
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	天時
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	天氣
	Nanning (Shajing)	天氣
	Nanning (Silian)	天氣
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	天氣
	Guilin (Chaoyang)	天氣
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	天氣
	Guilin (Wutong, Lingui)	天氣
	Guilin (Liutang, Lingui)	天氣
	Lingchuan (Tanxia)	天氣
	Lingchuan (Shuangzhou)	天氣
	Guanyang (Guanyinge)	天色
	Pingle (Zhangjia)	天氣
	Yangshuo (Jima)	天氣
	Yangshuo (Putao)	天色, 天氣
Shehua	Fu'an	天性
	Fuding	天氣
	Luoyuan	天性
	Sanming	天氣
	Shunchang	天氣
	Hua'an	天時
	Guixi (Zhangping)	天氣
	Cangnan	天氣
	Jingning	天性
	Lishui	天性
	Longyou	天性
	Chaozhou	天氣
	Fengshun	天時
Waxiang	Luxi (Liangjiatan)	天氣
Waxiang	Chengbu (Xuntou)	天色
Wu	Shanghai	天氣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	天色
	Suzhou	天氣, 天
	Danyang	天氣, 天光
	Hangzhou	天空
	Ningbo	天家
	Taizhou	天家
	Yuhuan (Damaiyu)	天色
	Yuhuan (Chumen)	天家
	Wenzhou	天色, 天時
	Jinhua	天公, 天氣
Xiang	Changsha	天色, 天氣
	Xiangxiang	天氣
	Loudi	天色
	Shuangfeng	天氣
	Hengshan	天
	Hengshan (Baiguo)	天
	Quanzhou	天氣
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	天氣

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (天道):

→ Japanese: 天道(てんどう) (tendō)

Others:

→ Proto-Ryukyuan: *teda
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 天道, 太陽 (θida, θïda)
  - Kunigami: 天道, 太陽 (thidā)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 天道, 太陽 (θeda)
  - Okinawan: 天道, 太陽 (tīda)
  - Oki-No-Erabu: 天道, 太陽 (θida)
  - Southern Amami-Oshima: 天道, 太陽 (θïda)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 天道, 太陽 (θïda, θïïra) (in compounds)
  - Yoron: 天道, 太陽 (tida)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 天道, 太陽 (tida)
  - Yaeyama: 天道, 太陽 (tida)
  - Yonaguni: 天道, 太陽 (tidan)

Japanese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
てん Grade: 1	どう Grade: 2
goon

From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese 天道 (MC then dawX). The 呉音 (goon), so the earlier borrowing.

First cited to a text from 751 CE.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) てんどー [tèńdóó] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) てんどー [téꜜǹdòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ndo̞ː]

Noun edit

天(てん)道(どう) • (tendō) ^{←てんだう (tendau)^?}

[from 751] laws of nature
Synonym: 天理 (tenri)
[from circa 903] the god of heaven, the god of creation the king or emperor of heaven
Synonym: 天帝 (tentei)
[from 1603] the path taken through the sky by heavenly objects; (by extension) the (celestial, astronomical) heavens, the sky
Synonyms: 天 (ten), 天空 (tenkū)
[from 1424] heaven, a land above the clouds
Synonyms: 天上界 (tenjōkai), 天界 (tenkai)
[from 985] (Buddhism) the heavenly realm, the gods realm (see also Saṃsāra (Buddhism)#Realms of rebirth)
Synonyms: 天上界 (tenjōkai), 天界 (tenkai)
[from 1500s] (astronomy) the sun (more often found with the reading tentō)
Synonyms: 日 (hi), 太陽 (taiyō), 日輪 (nichirin)

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
てん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
kan’on

Shift from tendō. The 漢音 (kan'on), so likely a later borrowing from Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) てんとー [téꜜǹtòò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]^[4]^[3]
IPA^(key): [tẽ̞nto̞ː]

Noun edit

天(てん)道(とう) • (tentō) ^{←てんたう (tentau)^?}

[from circa 903] the god of heaven, the god of creation the king or emperor of heaven
Synonym: 天帝 (tentei)
[from 1424] heaven, a land above the clouds
Synonyms: 天上界 (tenjōkai), 天界 (tenkai)
[from 1500s] (astronomy) the sun
Synonyms: 日 (hi), 太陽 (taiyō), 日輪 (nichirin)

Derived terms edit

Derived terms

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
てん Grade: 1	どう > ど Grade: 2
goon

Shift from tendō.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [tẽ̞ndo̞]

Noun edit

天(てん)道(ど) • (tendo)

(Kagoshima) the sun

Derived terms edit

天道様(てんどさ) (tendo sa)

References edit

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

“てんど【天道】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Kikai edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

Etymology edit

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [tʰida]

Noun edit

天道(てぃだ) (tida)

(astronomy) the sun

References edit

“てぃだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
天	道

Noun edit

天道 • (cheondo) (hangeul 천도)

Hanja form^? of 천도 (“laws of nature; laws of heaven”).

Kunigami edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Noun edit

天道(てぃだ) (thida)

(astronomy) the sun

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Noun edit

天道(てぃだー) (thidā)

(Nakijin) the sun

References edit

“てぃだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Miyako edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

Etymology edit

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Noun edit

天道(てぃだ) (tida)

(astronomy) the sun

References edit

“てぃだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Okinawan edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
てぃーだ
Grade: 1	Grade: 2
jukujikun

Alternative spelling
太陽

Etymology edit

*/tendaɴ/ → */teda/ → /tiːda/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 天道 (MC then dawX). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation edit

(Shuri-Naha) てぃいだ [tìídá] (Heiban - [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [tiːda]

Noun edit

天道(てぃーだ) or 天道(てぃーら) (tīda or tīra)

(astronomy) the sun

Derived terms edit

References edit

^ “ティーダ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

“てぃーだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
“ティーラ（てぃーら）” in Okinawan Dialect Dictionary - Ajima.
“てぃーら” in Okinawan Dialect - Japanese Dialects Dictionary - Goo Dictionary.
“てぃーだ” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.
“ティーダ” in Weblio Dictionary.

Yaeyama edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

Etymology edit

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Noun edit

天道(てぃだ) (tida)

(astronomy) the sun

References edit

“てぃだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Yonaguni edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

Etymology edit

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [tidaŋ̍]

Noun edit

天道(てぃだ) or 天道(てぃだん) (tida or tidan)

(astronomy) the sun

References edit

“てぃだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
“てぃだん【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Yoron edit

Kanji in this term
天	道
Grade: 1	Grade: 2

Alternative spelling
太陽

Etymology edit

From *teda, from *tendan, from Middle Chinese 天道.

Noun edit

天道(てぃだ) (tida)

(astronomy) the sun

References edit

“てぃだ【天道・太陽】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-4] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[5] “ティーダ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).

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