妓

Translingual edit

Han character edit

妓 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女十水 (VJE), four-corner 4444₇, composition ⿰女支)

Derived characters edit

𣇠

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 256, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6083
Dae Jaweon: page 520, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1029, character 17
Unihan data for U+5993

Chinese edit

trad.		妓
simp. ^#		妓

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 妓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (支) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
支	*kje
枝	*kje
肢	*kje
汥	kje, ɡe, *ɡres
衼	*kje
馶	kje, qʰjes, kes, ɡe
鳷	*kje
忮	*kjes
伎	kjes, ɡe, *ɡreʔ
豉	*ɡjes
翅	*qʰjes
翄	qʰjes, ɡe
妓	kre, ɡreʔ
庋	kreʔ, kʷreʔ
跂	kʰeʔ, kʰes, *ɡe
蚑	kʰes, ɡe
吱	*kʰes
岐	*ɡe
歧	*ɡe
鬾	ɡre, ɡres
技	*ɡreʔ
芰	*ɡres
攱	kʷreʔ, kʷres
庪	*kʷreʔ
頍	*kʰʷeʔ
屐	*ɡreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kre, *ɡreʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).

Etymology edit

Attested earliest in Shuowen Jiezi and Wèi-Jìn period's literature (possible pronunciations *kɨe or *gɨeX); a hypohetical OC form would be *kre (Schuessler, 2007).

Apparently loaned from Vietic (ancient 越 (yuè) in southern China). Compare Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman, female”) (whence Vietnamese cái (“female”) & gái (“girl, female”)), elsewhere in Mon-Khmer, Proto-Waic *krih girl", Proto-North-Bahnaric *kdri: "female". Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this to 技 (jì, “skill”), yet this may be folk etymology (ibid.).

Schuessler also points to other foreign words which meant "woman, girl" yet referred to women of low social standing in ancient China; e.g. 嬖 (bì), 嬯 (tái) (ibid.).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî
Northern Min (KCR): gī / gí
Eastern Min (BUC): gê
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kī / ki

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jì
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jì
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴
  - Yale: jì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei⁶
  - Yale: geih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gī / gí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/, /ki⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gê
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī / ki
  - Tâi-lô: kī / ki
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki, ky
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²²/, /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹/, /ki³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²²/, /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki³³/, /ki⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki³³/, /ki⁴⁴/

Note:

kī - literary;
ki - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gi⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĭ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³⁵/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci
  - MiniDict: ci^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 妓
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕi⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕi²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕji²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕi¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕi²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕi²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕi³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑi³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑi²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕi⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰi⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ki²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kei²²/
	Nanning	/ki²²/
	Hong Kong	/kei²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ki²²/ /ki⁵⁵/ 俗
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kɛi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ki⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ki³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ki³⁵/

Middle Chinese: gjeX

Rime
Character	妓
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠綺切
Baxter	gjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiɛ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjiə̆^X/
Li Rong	/ɡje^X/
Wang Li	/ɡǐe^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gie̯^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妓
Reading #	2/2
No.	17230
Phonetic component	支
Rime group	支
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	技
Old Chinese	/*ɡreʔ/

Definitions edit

妓

(Classical, historical) female entertainer; female performer of song and dance
prostitute

Synonyms edit

(both senses): 娼 (chāng)

Compounds edit

包妓
召妓 (zhàojì)
名妓 (míngjì)
妓人
妓女 (jìnǚ)
妓嫲
妓師／妓师
妓弟
妓院 (jìyuàn)
娼妓 (chāngjì)
嫖妓 (piáojì)
官妓 (guānjì)
家妓
歌妓 (gējì)
流妓
藝妓／艺妓 (yìjì)
角妓
軍妓／军妓 (jūnjì)
雛妓／雏妓 (chújì)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jī
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ji
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: kje

Rime
Character	妓
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居宜切
Baxter	kje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjiə̆/
Li Rong	/kje/
Wang Li	/kǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/kie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gei¹