嫁

Translingual edit

Han character edit

嫁 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 女十一人 (VJMO), four-corner 4343₂, composition ⿰女家)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 268, character 33
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6602
Dae Jaweon: page 536, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1073, character 11
Unihan data for U+5AC1

Chinese edit

trad.		嫁
simp. ^#		嫁

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (家) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
家	*kraː
傢	*kraː
幏	kraː, kraːs
稼	*kraːs
嫁	*kraːs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 家 (OC *kraː).

Etymology edit

Exoactive of 家 (OC *kraː, “home, house”), with the addition of the denominal verbalisation suffix *-s in Old Chinese, meaning “to go to one's new home; to become married”. In the Baxter–Sagart system, an additional pronunciation is posited for the causative sense (“to make someone become married; to marry off”), formed with the prolific Old Chinese causative prefix *s-. Compare 娶.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jià (jia⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaa³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ka
Eastern Min (BUC): gá
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kà / kè / kèe

(Teochew, Peng'im): gê³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵ka

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jià
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jià
  - Wade–Giles: chia⁴
  - Yale: jyà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiah
  - Palladius: цзя (czja)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gaa³
  - Yale: ga
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ga³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaː³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ka
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ka⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kà
  - Tâi-lô: kà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kax
  - IPA (Taipei): /ka¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ka²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ka⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kè
  - Tâi-lô: kè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kex
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ke⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /ke²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ke¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèe
  - Tâi-lô: kèe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɛ²¹/

Note:

kà/kèe - literary;
kè - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gê³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kè
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke²¹³/

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵ka
  - MiniDict: ka^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ka
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ka³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaeH

Rime
Character	嫁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古訝切
Baxter	kaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠa^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚa^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ka^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ka^H/
Wang Li	/ka^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ka^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jià
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaa³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤra-s/, /*s-kˤra-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嫁	嫁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jià	jià
Middle Chinese	‹ kæ^H ›	‹ kæ^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁra-s/	/*s-kˁra-s/
English	go (as a bride) to one"s new home	send (one’s daughter) as a bride
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嫁
Reading #	1/1
No.	5923
Phonetic component	家
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	駕
Old Chinese	/*kraːs/

Definitions edit

嫁

(of a woman) to marry; to become married to
嫁不出去 ― jià bù chūqù ― to be unable to get married (to anyone); to be left on the shelf

她去年嫁給了大學同學。 [MSC, trad.]
她去年嫁给了大学同学。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā qùnián jià gěi le dàxué tóngxué. [Pinyin]
She married her university classmate last year.
to give a daughter in marriage; to marry off
嫁女兒／嫁女儿 ― jià nǚ'ér ― to give a daughter in marriage; to try to marry off a daughter
(figurative) to transfer; to shift (harm, charge, etc.); to put the (blame) on another person
嫁禍於人／嫁祸于人 ― jiàhuòyúrén ― to shift the blame on others
a surname: Jia