屑

Translingual edit

Han character edit

屑 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 尸火月 (SFB), four-corner 7722₇, composition ⿸尸肖)

Derived characters edit

㣯㨝㴮榍碿糏

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 302, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7709
Dae Jaweon: page 599, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 975, character 5
Unihan data for U+5C51

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 屑
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (佾) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
洕	*lins
佾	*lɯd
屑	slɯːd, sluːd
榍	*slɯːd
糏	*slɯːd

Originally written 㞕.

Etymology 1 edit

trad.		屑
simp. ^#		屑
alternative forms		㞕

Wang (1982) compares it to 細 (OC *snɯːls, “fine”), 碎 (OC *suːds, “shattered; fragmented”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiè (xie⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xue²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sit³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhet²
Gan (Wiktionary): xiet⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sep

(Meixian, Guangdong): xiad⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): xieh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): sŏ
Eastern Min (BUC): siék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siat / seh / seeh / sap / sa̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): siag⁴ / siêg⁴ / siah⁴ / siao¹ / siou¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷shiq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sie⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiè
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siè
  - Wade–Giles: hsieh⁴
  - Yale: syè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shieh
  - Palladius: се (se)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xue²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xye
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕye²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sit³
  - Yale: sit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: xid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: xiet⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sep
  - Hakka Romanization System: seb`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: seb⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sep̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: xiad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /siat̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sŏ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /so²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: siék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɛʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siat
  - Tâi-lô: siat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siad
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛt̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɛt̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seh
  - Tâi-lô: seh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: seq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /seʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /seʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seeh
  - Tâi-lô: seeh
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɛʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sap
  - Tâi-lô: sap
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sab
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sap̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sa̍p
  - Tâi-lô: sa̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sap
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sap̚²⁴/

Note:

siat - literary;
seh/seeh - vernacular;
sap/sa̍p - probably substitute for 霎.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: siag⁴ / siêg⁴ / siah⁴ / siao¹ / siou¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siak / siek / siah / siau / siou
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /siak̚²/, /siek̚²/, /siaʔ²/, /siau³³/, /siou³³/

Note:

siag4/siêg4 - literary (siêg4 - Chaozhou);
siah4 - vernacular;
siao1/siou1 - common variant (siou1 - Chaozhou).

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷shiq
  - MiniDict: shih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴xiq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sie⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /si̯e̞²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕi̯e̞²⁴/

Middle Chinese: set

Rime
Character	屑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	先 (87)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	先結切
Baxter	set
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/set̚/
Pan Wuyun	/set̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛt̚/
Li Rong	/set̚/
Wang Li	/siet̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/siet̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xie
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-lˤi[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯːd/, /*sluːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	屑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiè
Middle Chinese	‹ set ›
Old Chinese	/*s-lˁi[t]/
English	detail, trifle; fragment
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	屑	屑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15063	15066
Phonetic component	佾	佾
Rime group	質	物
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	屑	窣
Old Chinese	/*slɯːd/	/*sluːd/
Notes		原文⺌作八，見方言

Definitions edit

屑

bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments
麵包屑／面包屑 ― miànbāoxiè ― bread crumbs
- 2016, 張晏榕, 《動畫導論：美學與實務》 [An Introduction to Animation: Aesthetics and Practices], 全華圖書, →ISBN, page 249:
  
  銅也是一種可以考慮的材質（圖8.6），比較容易取得，價格也比較便宜，加工比較容易，因為夠軟，而且銅雖然較軟，可是在磨擦加熱的時候會產生韌性，用鋁做爲材質，既輕又硬，然相對的就脆，當材質脆的時候，磨損就會變成粉末，會有很多屑，銅就不會。 [MSC, trad.]
  铜也是一种可以考虑的材质（图8.6），比较容易取得，价格也比较便宜，加工比较容易，因为够软，而且铜虽然较软，可是在磨擦加热的时候会产生韧性，用铝做为材质，既轻又硬，然相对的就脆，当材质脆的时候，磨损就会变成粉末，会有很多屑，铜就不会。 [MSC, simp.]
  Tóng yě shì yī zhǒng kěyǐ kǎolǜ de cáizhì (tú 8.6), bǐjiào róngyì qǔdé, jiàgé yě bǐjiào piányí, jiāgōng bǐjiào róngyì, yīnwèi gòu ruǎn, érqiě tóng suīrán jiào ruǎn, kěshì zài mócā jiārè de shíhòu huì chǎnshēng rènxìng, yòng lǚ zuòwéi cáizhì, jì qīng yòu yìng, rán xiàngduì de jiù cuì, dāng cáizhì cuì de shíhòu, mósǔn jiù huì biànchéng fěnmò, huì yǒu hěnduō xiè, tóng jiù bùhuì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(literary, or in compounds) trifling; trivial
(chiefly in the negative) to be worth doing
不屑 ― bùxiè ― not worth doing

不屑一顧／不屑一顾 ― bùxièyīgù ― displeasing to look at, "to not be worth one glance"

Synonyms edit

(bits): (Cantonese) 碎 (suì)
(trifling):

濕濕碎／湿湿碎 (sap¹ sap¹ seoi³) (Cantonese)
濕碎／湿碎 (sap¹ seoi³) (Cantonese)
瑣屑／琐屑 (suǒxiè) (literary)
瑣碎／琐碎 (suǒsuì)

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

trad.		屑
simp. ^#		屑
alternative forms		戌 Hokkien

Pronunciation edit

Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sut
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sut

(Teochew, Peng'im): sug⁴

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sut
  - Hakka Romanization System: sud`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sud⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sut̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
  - Tâi-lô: sut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sud
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sug⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suk̚²/

Definitions edit

屑

(Hakka, Southern Min) bits; scraps; crumbs; fragments

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai (extended)	Shinjitai (extended)	屑󠄀 屑+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
屑󠄂 屑+`󠄂`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
Kyūjitai	屑
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