延長

Chinese edit

		to prolong; to extend; to delay	long; length; forever long; length; forever; always; constantly; chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop
trad. (延長)		延	長
simp. (延长)		延	长

Wikipedia has articles on:

延長 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
延長 (Cantonese)
Iân-tiông-koān (Southern Min)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yáncháng

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄔㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ coeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yèn-chhòng / yàn-chhòng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iân-tn̂g / iân-tiông / iân-tiâng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yáncháng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄔㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yáncháng
  - Wade–Giles: yen²-chʻang²
  - Yale: yán-cháng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yancharng
  - Palladius: яньчан (janʹčan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    延長／延长
    鹽場／盐场
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁴ coeng⁴
  - Yale: yìhn chèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ tsoeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ cêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹ t͡sʰœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn-chhòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: ienˇ congˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² cong²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn-chhòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ianˇ congˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan² cong²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân-tn̂g
  - Tâi-lô: iân-tn̂g
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iend'ngg
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³⁻²² tŋ̍¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tŋ̍²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³⁻³³ tŋ̍²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân-tiông
  - Tâi-lô: iân-tiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iendioong
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³⁻³³ tiɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /iɛn²⁴⁻²² tiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân-tiâng
  - Tâi-lô: iân-tiâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iendiaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɛn¹³⁻²² tiaŋ¹³/

Verb edit

延長

to lengthen; to extend; to prolong

Synonyms edit

伸長／伸长 (shēncháng)
延伸 (yánshēn)
延展 (yánzhǎn)
拉長／拉长 (lācháng)

Derived terms edit

Adjective edit

延長

(literary, of time) long

Synonyms edit

久遠／久远 (jiǔyuǎn)
久長／久长 (jiǔcháng) (literary or Hakka, Min)
延延 (yányán) (literary)
彌遠／弥远 (míyuǎn) (literary)
恆久／恒久 (héngjiǔ)
悠久 (yōujiǔ)
悠長／悠长 (yōucháng)
曠世／旷世 (kuàngshì) (literary)
永久 (yǒngjiǔ)
永恆／永恒 (yǒnghéng)
漫長／漫长 (màncháng)
終古／终古 (zhōnggǔ) (literary)
迢迢 (tiáotiáo) (literary)
長久／长久 (chángjiǔ)
長遠／长远 (chángyuǎn)

Proper noun edit

延長

(～縣) Yanchang (a county of Yan'an, Shaanxi, China)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
延	長
えん Grade: 6	ちょう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology 1 edit

延長 on Japanese Wikipedia

延 (en, “to extend”) +‎ 長 (chō, “long”).

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) えんちょー [èńchóó] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕo̞ː]

Noun edit

延(えん)長(ちょう) • (enchō) ^{←えんちやう (entyau)^?}

An extension of length or period; lengthening
- 1948, 永(なが)井(い)隆(たかし) [Takashi Nagai], この子(こ)を残(のこ)して (Kono ko o nokoshite)‎^[1]:
  
  来(らい)世(せ)はこの世(よ)の時(じ)間(かん)の延(えん)長(ちょう)ではない。
  Raise wa kono yo no jikan no enchō de wa nai.
  The next world is not an extension of our time in this one.
An extension of a rail line, road, etc.

Antonyms edit

(antonym(s) of "an act of extending a length or period"): 短縮(たんしゅく) (tanshuku, “shortening”)

Derived terms edit

Verb edit

延(えん)長(ちょう)する • (enchō suru) ^{←えんちやう (entyau)^?}transitive suru (stem 延(えん)長(ちょう)し (enchō shi), past 延(えん)長(ちょう)した (enchō shita))

To extend a length or period; to lengthen
- 1907, 夏(なつ)目(め)漱(そう)石(せき) [Natsume Sōseki], 野(の)分(わき) (Nowaki)‎^[2]:
  
  しかし拘(こう)泥(でい)の苦(く)痛(つう)は一(いち)日(にち)で済(す)む苦(く)痛(つう)を五(いつ)日(か)、七(なぬ)日(か)に延(えん)長(ちょう)する苦(く)痛(つう)である。
  Shikashi kōdei no kutsū wa ichinichi de sumu kutsū o itsuka, nanuka ni enchō suru kutsū de aru.
  Being so particular, however, turns agonies ending in one day into ones extending into five or seven.

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of "延長する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	延長し	えんちょうし	enchō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	延長し	えんちょうし	enchō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	延長する	えんちょうする	enchō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	延長する	えんちょうする	enchō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	延長すれ	えんちょうすれ	enchō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	延長せよ¹ 延長しろ²	えんちょうせよ¹ えんちょうしろ²	enchō seyo¹ enchō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	延長される	えんちょうされる	enchō sareru
Causative	延長させる延長さす	えんちょうさせるえんちょうさす	enchō saseru enchō sasu
Potential	延長できる	えんちょうできる	enchō dekiru
Volitional	延長しよう	えんちょうしよう	enchō shiyō
Negative	延長しない	えんちょうしない	enchō shinai
Negative continuative	延長せず	えんちょうせず	enchō sezu
Formal	延長します	えんちょうします	enchō shimasu
Perfective	延長した	えんちょうした	enchō shita
Conjunctive	延長して	えんちょうして	enchō shite
Hypothetical conditional	延長すれば	えんちょうすれば	enchō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2 edit

延長 (元号) on Japanese Wikipedia

Enchō on Wikipedia

Proper noun edit

延(えん)長(ちょう) • (Enchō) ^{←えんちやう (Entyau)^?}

the Enchō era, 923-931

See also edit

延(えん)喜(ぎ) (Engi) (era preceding Enchō)
承(じょう)平(へい) (Jōhei) (era following Enchō)

References edit

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja in this term
延	長

Noun edit

延長 • (yeonjang) (hangeul 연장)

Hanja form^? of 연장.

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