念

Translingual

Etymology

Old Chinese *niəm (Middle Chinese 去), *njəm (MC 上) (Li Fanggui (1971)). Cognate with Old Tibetan ཉམ, ཉམས (nyam(s), “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ་པ (snyam-pa, “to think, to mind”).

Han character

念 (radical 61 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 8033₂)

1. think of, recall, study
2. (= 廿) 20

Derived characters

• 唸 捻 稔 鯰

References

• KangXi: page 378, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
• Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2274, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5FF5

---

Cantonese

Hanzi

念 (Yale nim6)

---

Japanese

Kanji

念 (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On: ねん (nen)
• Kun: おもう (omou), ねんじる (念じる, nenjiru)

Noun

念 (hiragana ねん, romaji nen)

1. sense
2. feeling

Compounds

• 念仏 (ねんぶつ, nenbutsu)
• 四念処 (しねんじょ, shinenjo) : Maha SatiPatthana

---

Korean

Hanja

念 (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>nyum>yeom>yum, McCune-Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)

---

Mandarin

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Hanzi

念 (pinyin niàn (nian4), Wade-Giles nien⁴)

Compounds

• 紀念品 (jìniànpǐn)

---

Middle Chinese

Han character

念 (*nèm)

---

Vietnamese

Han character

念 (niệm, niềm, núm)