怖

怖	U+6016, 怖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6016

Translingual edit

Han character edit

怖 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心大中月 (PKLB), four-corner 9402₇, composition ⿰忄布)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 380, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10450
Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2284, character 6
Unihan data for U+6016

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		怖

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
抪	paː, paːs
布	*paːs
佈	*paːs
怖	*pʰaːs
斧	*paʔ
父	paʔ, baʔ
蚥	paʔ, baʔ
滏	*baʔ
釜	*baʔ

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bù (bu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pu
Northern Min (KCR): bu̿
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pò͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bù
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bù
  - Wade–Giles: pu⁴
  - Yale: bù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buh
  - Palladius: бу (bu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou³
  - Yale: bou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pu
  - Hakka Romanization System: bu
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bu⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pu⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bu̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pò͘
  - Tâi-lô: pòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pox
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pɔ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: phuH, phjot

Rime
Character	怖	怖
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	元 (68)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	普故切	拂伐切
Baxter	phuH	phjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰuo^H/	/pʰʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰuo^H/	/pʰʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰo^H/	/pʰiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰɔ^H/	/pʰuat̚/
Li Rong	/pʰo^H/	/pʰiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/pʰu^H/	/pʰĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰuo^H/	/pʰi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pù	fa
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pou³	faat³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	怖
Reading #	1/1
No.	3498
Phonetic component	父
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	怖
Old Chinese	/*pʰaːs/

Definitions edit

怖

to fear; to be afraid
- 吾聞言於接輿，大而無當，往而不反。吾驚怖其言，猶河漢而無極也，大有逕庭，不近人情焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  吾闻言于接舆，大而无当，往而不反。吾惊怖其言，犹河汉而无极也，大有迳庭，不近人情焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Wú wén yán yú Jiē Yú, dà ér wúdāng, wǎng ér bùfǎn. Wú jīngbù qí yán, yóu héhàn ér wújí yě, dà yǒu jìngtíng, bùjìn rénqíng yān. [Pinyin]
  I heard Jie Yu talking words which were great, but had nothing corresponding to them (in reality); once gone, they could not be brought back. I was frightened and scared by his words; they were like the Milky Way which cannot be traced to its beginning or end. They had no connexion with one another, and were not akin to the experiences of men.
to scare; to frighten; to terrify
- 逢蒙之弟子曰鴻超，怒其妻而怖之。引烏號之弓，綦衛之箭，射其目，矢來注眸子，而眶不睫，矢隧地而塵不揚。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  逢蒙之弟子曰鸿超，怒其妻而怖之。引乌号之弓，綦卫之箭，射其目，矢来注眸子，而眶不睫，矢隧地而尘不扬。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Liezi, 1^st – 5^th century CE
  Féng Méng zhī dìzǐ yuē Hóng Chāo, nù qí qī ér bù zhī. Yǐn Wūhào zhī gōng, Qíwèi zhī jiàn, shè qí mù, shǐ lái zhù móuzǐ, ér kuàng bùjié, shǐ suì dì ér chén bùyáng. [Pinyin]
  Once Hong Chao, a disciple of the expert archer Feng Meng, got mad at his wife, and in order to scare her he took the powerful Crow's Caw bow and the well-crafted arrow from Qi and shot at her eye. The arrow came right at the pupil of her eye, but she didn’t even blink. The arrow fell to the ground without raising dust.