恐
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Translingual edit
Han character edit
恐 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP) or 難一弓心 (XMNP), four-corner 17331, composition ⿱⿰工凡心(GJKV) or ⿱⿰工⿹⺄㐅心(HT))
Derived characters edit
References edit
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10552
- Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 8
- Unihan data for U+6050
Chinese edit
| trad. | 恐 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 恐 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin edit
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 缸 | *kroːŋ, *ɡroːŋ |
| 篢 | *kluːmʔ, *koːŋ |
| 贑 | *kluːmʔ |
| 涳 | *ŋr'oːŋ, *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 江 | *kroːŋ |
| 肛 | *kroːŋ, *qʰroːŋ |
| 扛 | *kroːŋ |
| 杠 | *kroːŋ |
| 豇 | *kroːŋ |
| 茳 | *kroːŋ |
| 釭 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 矼 | *kroːŋ |
| 玒 | *kroːŋ, *koːŋ |
| 虹 | *kroːŋs, *koːŋs, *ɡoːŋ |
| 腔 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 崆 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 羫 | *kʰroːŋ |
| 控 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 椌 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ |
| 悾 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 跫 | *kʰroːŋ, *kʰoŋ, *ɡoŋ |
| 啌 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 谾 | *qʰroːŋ, *qʰoːŋ |
| 舡 | *qʰroːŋ |
| 缻 | *ɡroːŋ |
| 項 | *ɡroːŋʔ |
| 屸 | *ɡ·roːŋ |
| 功 | *koːŋ |
| 工 | *koːŋ |
| 疘 | *koːŋ |
| 魟 | *koːŋ, *qʰoːŋ, *ɡoːŋ |
| 攻 | *koːŋ, *kuːŋ |
| 愩 | *koːŋ |
| 碽 | *koːŋ |
| 貢 | *koːŋs |
| 羾 | *koːŋs |
| 空 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 箜 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 硿 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 埪 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 鵼 | *kʰoːŋ |
| 倥 | *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋʔ, *kʰoːŋs |
| 鞚 | *kʰoːŋs |
| 叿 | *qʰoːŋ |
| 嗊 | *qʰoːŋʔ |
| 訌 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 紅 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 仜 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 葒 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 渱 | *ɡoːŋ |
| 鴻 | *ɡoːŋ, *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 汞 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 澒 | *ɡoːŋʔ |
| 鞏 | *koŋʔ |
| 巩 | *koŋʔ |
| 銎 | *kʰoŋ, *qʰoŋ |
| 恐 | *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs |
| 蛩 | *ɡoŋ |
| 筇 | *ɡoŋ |
| 桏 | *ɡoŋ |
| 邛 | *ɡoŋ |
In the Shuowen Jiezi appears as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 𢀜 () + semantic 心 (“heart”). The modern form can be interpreted as phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)
Pronunciation edit
Definitions edit
恐
Compounds edit
- 唯恐 (wéikǒng)
- 唯恐不及
- 恐嚇／恐吓 (kǒnghè)
- 恐後爭先／恐后争先 (kǒnghòuzhēngxiān)
- 恐怖 (kǒngbù)
- 恐怕 (kǒngpà)
- 恐怖主義／恐怖主义 (kǒngbùzhǔyì)
- 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
- 恐怖小說／恐怖小说
- 恐怖片兒／恐怖片儿
- 恐恐然
- 恐惶 (kǒnghuáng)
- 恐惶悚懼／恐惶悚惧 (kǒnghuángsǒngjù)
- 恐慌 (kǒnghuāng)
- 恐慌症 (kǒnghuāngzhèng)
- 恐憂／恐忧 (kǒngyōu)
- 恐慮／恐虑 (kǒnglǜ)
- 恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
- 恐水病 (kǒngshuǐbìng)
- 恐變症／恐变症
- 恐鳥／恐鸟 (kǒngniǎo)
- 恐龍／恐龙 (kǒnglóng)
- 惟恐 (wéikǒng)
- 惜恐
- 惶恐 (huángkǒng)
- 惴恐
- 惶恐不安 (huángkǒngbù'ān)
- 擔驚受恐／担惊受恐 (dānjīngshòukǒng)
- 有恃無恐／有恃无恐 (yǒushìwúkǒng)
- 深恐
- 爭先恐後／争先恐后 (zhēngxiānkǒnghòu)
- 猶恐／犹恐 (yóukǒng)
- 生恐
- 皇恐灘／皇恐滩 (Huángkǒng Tān)
- 紅色恐怖／红色恐怖 (hóngsè kǒngbù)
- 經濟恐慌／经济恐慌 (jīngjì kǒnghuāng)
- 臨死不恐／临死不恐 (línsǐbùkǒng)
- 臨難不恐／临难不恐 (línnànbùkǒng)
- 誠恐／诚恐 (chéngkǒng)
- 誠恐誠惶／诚恐诚惶 (chéngkǒngchénghuáng)
- 誠惶誠恐／诚惶诚恐 (chénghuángchéngkǒng)
- 震恐 (zhènkǒng)
- 驚恐／惊恐 (jīngkǒng)
- 驚恐萬分／惊恐万分
References edit
- “恐”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese edit
Kanji edit
恐
Readings edit
- Go-on: く (ku)
- Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きよう (kyou, historical)
- Kun: おそれる (osoreru, 恐れる, Jōyō); おそろしい (osoroshii, 恐ろしい, Jōyō); おそれ (osore); こわい (kowai, 恐い); おそらく (osoraku, 恐らく) see
Compounds edit
Korean edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation edit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ko̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [공]
Hanja edit
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
恐: Hán Việt readings: khúng, khủng
恐: Nôm readings: khủng, thứ
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.