See also: 悲觀

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
かん
Grade: 4
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
悲觀 (kyūjitai)

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 悲觀 (compassionate view, literally view of pity), a Buddhist term. Compare 慈悲 (jihi, compassion). Reanalyzed as (sadness) +‎ (outlook).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

()(かん) (hikan

  1. (Buddhism) a compassionate world view that motivates individuals to help and eliminate suffering
  2. pessimism
    Antonym: 楽観
  3. despair; discouragement

Derived terms edit

Verb edit

()(かん)する (hikan surutransitive or intransitive suru (stem ()(かん) (hikan shi), past ()(かん)した (hikan shita))

  1. to be pessimistic
  2. to lose hope; to despair; to be disappointed
    (えら)ばれなくても悲観(ひかん)していない。
    Erabarenakute mo hikan shiteinai.
    I didn't lose hope even after I wasn't selected.

Conjugation edit

Descendants edit

  • Chinese: 悲觀悲观 (bēiguān)
  • Korean: 비관 (bigwan)
  • Vietnamese: bi quan