愧

See also: 媿

愧	U+6127, 愧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6127

← 愦
[U+6126]

CJK Unified Ideographs

愨 →
[U+6128]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

愧 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心竹山戈 (PHUI), four-corner 9601₃, composition ⿰忄鬼)

Derived characters edit

𫻣

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 396, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10982
Dae Jaweon: page 734, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2329, character 11
Unihan data for U+6127

Chinese edit

trad.		愧
simp. ^#		愧
alternative forms		媿／愧聭

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
謉	tkuːlʔ, krul
瑰	kuːl, ɡuːl
傀	kuːl, kʰuːlʔ
藱	*kuːl
魁	*kʰuːl
磈	kʰuːlʔ, qulʔ
塊	kʰuːls, kʰruːds
嵬	ŋɡuːl, ŋɡuːlʔ
隗	*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐	ɡuːl, ɡruːl
瘣	*ɡuːlʔ
廆	*ɡuːlʔ
溾	ɡuːlʔ, qruːl
螝	ɡuːls, krul
褢	*ɡruːl
騩	krul, kruls, *kul
愧	*kruls
媿	*kruls
聭	*kruls
餽	*ɡruls
鬼	*kulʔ
魏	*ŋɡuls
巍	*ŋul
犩	ŋul, ŋuls

Origins related to 媿／愧 (kuì). In Shuowen, understood as an Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 恥 (“shame”) + 鬼 (“spirit”). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruls) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).

Etymology edit

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Cognate to Tibetan ཁྲེལ (khrel, “shame; modesty”)?”

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuì (kui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kwai³, kwai⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khùi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuèi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei⁴
  - Yale: kwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuey
  - Palladius: куй (kuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kwai³, kwai⁵
  - Yale: kwai, kwáih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kwai³, kwai⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: kuei³, kuei⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷʰɐi̯³³/, /kʷʰɐi̯¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
  - Tâi-lô: khuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰui²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰui²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰui¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰui²¹/

Middle Chinese: kwijH

Rime
Character	愧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	俱位切
Baxter	kwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjwi^H/
Li Rong	/kjui^H/
Wang Li	/kwi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwai³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ruj-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kruls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuì
Middle Chinese	‹ kwij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ruj-s/
English	ashamed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.