愾

See also: 忾

愾 U+613E, 愾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-613E ← 愽 [U+613D] CJK Unified Ideographs 愿 → [U+613F]

Translingual

Han character

愾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 心人弓木 (POND), four-corner 9801₇, composition ⿰忄氣)

1. anger, wrath, hatred, enmity

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 397, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11029
• Dae Jaweon: page 736, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2337, character 5
• Unihan data for U+613E

Chinese

trad.		愾
simp.		忾

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (气) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愾	*kʰɯːds, *qʰɯds
忾	*qʰrɯl
刏	*kɯl, *ɡɯl, *kuːls
汽	*kʰɯds
氣	*kʰɯds, *qʰɯds
气	*kʰɯds
忥	*qʰɯds
餼	*qʰɯds
鎎	*qʰɯds
熂	*qʰɯds
霼	*qʰɯds
犔	*qʰɯds

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kài (kai⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): koi³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kài
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kài
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai⁴
    • Yale: kài
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kay
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: koi³
    • Yale: koi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: koi³
    • Guangdong Romanization: koi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːi̯³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khojH

Rime
Character	愾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦蓋切
Baxter	khojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəiH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəjH/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀiH/
Wang Li	/kʰɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰəp-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰəp-s/
English	sigh; angry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愾
Reading #	1/2
No.	10136
Phonetic component	气
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	磕
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯːds/

Definitions

愾

1. (literary) to hate; to resent; to be angry

Compounds

• 同仇敵愾／同仇敌忾 (tóngchóudíkài)
• 同讎敵愾／同雠敌忾 (tóngchóudíkài)
• 愾憤／忾愤
• 憤愾／愤忾
• 敵愾／敌忾 (díkài)
• 敵愾同仇／敌忾同仇

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xì (xi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hei³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xì
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sì
    • Wade–Giles: hsi⁴
    • Yale: syì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shih
    • Palladius: си (si)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hei³
    • Yale: hei
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hei³
    • Guangdong Romanization: héi³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xj+jH

Rime
Character	愾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	微 (20)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	許旣切
Baxter	xj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨiH/
Pan Wuyun	/hɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/xiəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨjH/
Li Rong	/xiəiH/
Wang Li	/xĭəiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/xe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰəp-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰɯds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kài
Middle Chinese	‹ xjɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰəp-s/
English	sigh; angry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愾
Reading #	2/2
No.	10145
Phonetic component	气
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*qʰɯds/

Definitions

愾

1. ^† to sigh

Compounds

• 愾歎／忾叹
• 愾然／忾然

 

References

• “愾”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

愾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• Go-on: かい (kai); け (ke)
• Kan-on: かい (kai); き (ki)
• Kan’yō-on: がい (gai)
• Kun: ためいき (tameiki, 愾)

Korean

Hanja

愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy)

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Vietnamese

Han character

愾: Hán Nôm readings: khái

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation