懺悔

See also: 忏悔

Chinese

		feel remorse; regret; repent	regret
trad. (懺悔)		懺	悔
simp. (忏悔)		忏	悔
alternative forms		讖悔／谶悔

Etymology

Combination of abbreviated Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “pardon, forgiveness”) 懺 + native Chinese 悔 (“regret”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chànhuǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam³ fui³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhàm-hóe
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵tshe-hue

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chànhuǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˋ ㄏㄨㄟˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chànhuěi
    • Wade–Giles: chʻan⁴-hui³
    • Yale: chàn-hwěi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: channhoei
    • Palladius: чаньхуэй (čanʹxuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰän⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: caam³ fui³
    • Yale: chaam fui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam³ fui³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cam³ fui³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːm³³ fuːi̯³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhàm-hóe
    • Tâi-lô: tshàm-hué
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zharmhoea
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hue⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam²¹⁻⁵³ hue⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam¹¹⁻⁵³ hue⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam²¹⁻⁴¹ hue⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshe-hue
    • MiniDict: tshe^去 hue
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshe-hue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰe³³ hue⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tsrhaemH xwojX|xwojH

Rime
Character	懺	悔	悔
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	曉 (32)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)	灰 (42)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	I	I
Fanqie	楚鑑切	呼罪切	荒内切
Baxter	tsrhaemH	xwojX	xwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠamH/	/huʌiX/	/huʌiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚamH/	/huoiX/	/huoiH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰamH/	/xuɒiX/	/xuɒiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨmH/	/hwəjX/	/hwəjH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰamH/	/xuᴀiX/	/xuᴀiH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰamH/	/xuɒiX/	/xuɒiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰamH/	/xuɑ̆iX/	/xuɑ̆iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chàn	huǐ	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caam3	fui2	fui3

Verb

懺悔

1. to make confession
2. to repent one's sins

Usage notes

懺悔／忏悔 (chànhuǐ) can be used to refer to both the Buddhist and Catholic tradition of confession and repentance.

Derived terms

• 懺悔室／忏悔室 (chànhuǐshì)
• 懺悔星期二／忏悔星期二
• 懺悔錄／忏悔录

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (懺悔):

• → Japanese: 懺悔(さんげ) (sange); 懺悔(ざんげ) (zange)
• → Korean: 참회(懺悔) (chamhoe)
• → Vietnamese: sám hối (懺悔)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
懺	悔
さん Hyōgaiji	け > げ Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spellings
懺悔 (kyūjitai) 懴悔

Kanji in this term
懺	悔
ざん Hyōgaiji	け > げ Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spellings
懺悔 (kyūjitai) 懴悔

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さ​んげ [sáꜜǹgè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sã̠ŋɡe̞]

• (Tokyo) ざ​んげ [záꜜǹgè] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) ざんげ​ [zàńgéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [d͡zã̠ŋɡe̞]

Noun

懺(さん)悔(げ) or 懺悔(せんげ) • (sange or senge) 

1. (Buddhism) repentance

懺(ざん)悔(げ) • (zange) 

1. confession and repentance in Christianity and other religions
2. confession to another person

Verb

懺(さん)悔(げ)する or 懺悔(せんげ)する • (sange suru or senge suru) suru (stem 懺(さん)悔(げ)し (sange shi), past 懺(さん)悔(げ)した (sange shita))

1. (Buddhism) confess

懺(ざん)悔(げ)する • (zange suru) suru (stem 懺(ざん)悔(げ)し (zange shi), past 懺(ざん)悔(げ)した (zange shita))

1. confess and repent in Christianity and other religions
2. confess to another person

Conjugation

Conjugation of "懺悔する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	懺悔し	さんげし	sange shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	懺悔し	さんげし	sange shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	懺悔する	さんげする	sange suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	懺悔する	さんげする	sange suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	懺悔すれ	さんげすれ	sange sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	懺悔せよ¹ 懺悔しろ²	さんげせよ¹ さんげしろ²	sange seyo¹ sange shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	懺悔される	さんげされる	sange sareru
Causative	懺悔させる 懺悔さす	さんげさせる さんげさす	sange saseru sange sasu
Potential	懺悔できる	さんげできる	sange dekiru
Volitional	懺悔しよう	さんげしよう	sange shiyō
Negative	懺悔しない	さんげしない	sange shinai
Negative continuative	懺悔せず	さんげせず	sange sezu
Formal	懺悔します	さんげします	sange shimasu
Perfective	懺悔した	さんげした	sange shita
Conjunctive	懺悔して	さんげして	sange shite
Hypothetical conditional	懺悔すれば	さんげすれば	sange sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
懺	悔

Noun

懺悔 • (chamhoe) (hangeul 참회)

1. Hanja form^? of 참회 (“confession, repentance”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
懺	悔

Noun

懺悔

1. chữ Hán form of sám hối (“to repent [in Sanskrit is Kṣamayati (क्षमयति)], to show repentance”).