扼する

Japanese

Kanji in this term
扼
やく Hyōgaiji
goon

Etymology

From classical verb 扼す (yakusu).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) やくす​る [yàkúsúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [ja̠kɯ̟ᵝsɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

扼(やく)する • (yakusuru) suru (stem 扼(やく)し (yakushi), past 扼(やく)した (yakushita))

1. to clasp, to hold tightly, to command
   • 1939, Eiji Yoshikawa, Taiko, Tokyo: Kodansha, published 1990:

     文(ぶん)化(か)的(てき)には、ここは沃(よく)野(や)をかかえ、嶮(けん)山(ざん)を負(お)い、京(きょう)都(と)諸(しょ)地(ち)方(ほう)への交(こう)通(つう)路(ろ)を扼(やく)して、天(てん)産(さん)に恵(めぐ)まれ、農(のう)工(こう)も旺(さか)んだし、— 水(みず)は麗(うるわ)しく、女(おんな)もきれいだが、日(ひ)吉(よし)は心(こころ)のうちで、「腐(す)えている！」と、観(み)た。

     Bunka-teki ni wa, koko wa yokuya o kakae, kenzan o oi, Kyōto shochihō e no kōtsūro o yakushite, tensan ni megumare, nōkō mo sakandashi,— mizu wa uruwashiku, onna mo kirei da ga, Hiyoshi wa kokoro no uchi de,“Sueteiru!” to, mita.

     Culturally, this place held fertile plains, bore steep mountains, commanded the travel routes to Kyoto and several other regions, and was blessed with natural products; agriculture and industry were abundant — the water was pure and the women were beautiful, but Hiyoshi, in his heart, looked at it and thought, “It's rotting!”

2. to hold down, to press down, to crush, to repress
3. to press a point

Conjugation

Conjugation of "扼する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	扼さ 扼し	やくさ やくし	yakusa yakushi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	扼し	やくし	yakushi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	扼する	やくする	yakusuru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	扼する	やくする	yakusuru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	扼すれ	やくすれ	yakusure
Meireikei ("imperative")	扼せ 扼しろ 扼せよ	やくせ やくしろ やくせよ	yakuse yakushiro yakuseyo
Key constructions
Passive	扼される	やくされる	yakusareru
Causative	扼させる 扼さす	やくさせる やくさす	yakusaseru yakusasu
Potential	扼せる	やくせる	yakuseru
Volitional	扼そう 扼しよう	やくそう やくしよう	yakusō yakushiyō
Negative	扼さない 扼しない	やくさない やくしない	yakusanai yakushinai
Negative continuative	扼さず	やくさず	yakusazu
Formal	扼します	やくします	yakushimasu
Perfective	扼した	やくした	yakushita
Conjunctive	扼して	やくして	yakushite
Hypothetical conditional	扼すれば 扼せば	やくすれば やくせば	yakusureba yakuseba

Classical conjugation of "扼す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	扼せ	やくせ	yakuse
Continuative (連用形)	扼し	やくし	yakusi
Terminal (終止形)	扼す	やくす	yakusu
Attributive (連体形)	扼する	やくする	yakusuru
Realis (已然形)	扼すれ	やくすれ	yakusure
Imperative (命令形)	扼せよ	やくせよ	yakuseyo
Key constructions
Negative	扼せず	やくせず	yakusezu
Contrasting conjunction	扼すれど	やくすれど	yakusuredo
Causal conjunction	扼すれば	やくすれば	yakusureba
Conditional conjunction	扼せば	やくせば	yakuseba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	扼しき	やくしき	yakusiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	扼しけり	やくしけり	yakusikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	扼しつ	やくしつ	yakusitu
Perfect tense (natural event)	扼しぬ	やくしぬ	yakusinu
Perfect-continuative tense	扼せり 扼したり	やくせり やくしたり	yakuseri yakusitari
Volitional	扼せむ	やくせむ	yakusemu

Idioms

• 咽(いん)喉(こう)を扼(やく)する (inkō o yakusuru)