支那
Chinese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (支那) |
支 | 那 | |
alternative forms | 脂那 至那 芝那 |
From Sanskrit चीन (cīna), which in turn is likely from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin),[1][2] but other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉/晋 (jìn, “Jin”) < Middle Chinese 晉 (t͡siɪnH) < Old Chinese 晉 (*ʔsins) (Zhengzhang, 2006), 荊/荆 (jīng, “Jing”),[3] or the Zina of 夜郎 (Yèláng, “Yelang”).[3] Cognate with English China. See "Names of China", "Chinas" and "Shina (word)" at Wikipedia.
Proper noun edit
支那
- (originally neutral, now derogatory and offensive) China
- 支那曩者苦滿清虐政,國民共起革專制為共和。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1914, Sun Yat-sen, 《致日本首相大隈重信勸助中國革命函》
- Zhīnà nǎng zhě kǔ Mǎnqīng nüèzhèng, guómín gòng qǐ gé zhuānzhì wèi gònghé. [Pinyin]
- China suffered from the Manchurian Qing tyranny in the past, and so the people of the nation rose up, overthrew the autocrat and established the republic.
支那曩者苦满清虐政,国民共起革专制为共和。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Usage notes edit
- Originally used in ancient Indian records and some Chinese Buddhist texts. This term was popular in China as a neutral word after the Meiji Restoration, but became derogatory and offensive during and after the Second Sino-Japanese War. Now it is usually only used in some technical terms, such as 印度支那 (Yìndù-Zhīnà, “Indochina”) and 交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà, “Cochinchina”), or by Hong Kong and Taiwan independence activists as a deliberate slur for mainland China.
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
- 震旦 (Zhèndàn)
Descendants edit
See also edit
Etymology 2 edit
phonetic | |||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (支那) |
支 | 那 |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Proper noun edit
支那
References edit
- Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “支那” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].
Further reading edit
- 支那 on the Chinese Wikipedia.Wikipedia zh
- Shina (word) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
し Grade: 5 |
な Grade: S |
on’yomi |
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle Chinese 支那 (MC tsye na), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*zin), the name of the Qin Dynasty and the Qin state.
Pronunciation edit
Proper noun edit
- (prewar, often considered derogatory in modern speech) China
Usage notes edit
The kanji spelling 支那 was more common historically, and is still encountered with some frequency when this word is used. Modern usage includes シナ in katakana. However, this term as a whole is used less frequently than in the past, due in part to changes in geopolitics.
Derived terms edit
- 東支那海 (Higashi Shina Kai): East China Sea
- 南支那海 (Minami Shina Kai): South China Sea
- 支那蕎麦 (Shina soba): Chinese noodles, ramen
- 支那竹 (Shina chiku): menma (cooked bamboo sprout, a kind of ramen topping)
- 支那薄色海豚 (Shina usuiro iruka): Chinese white dolphin
Korean edit
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
支 | 那 |
Proper noun edit
Vietnamese edit
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
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支 | 那 |
Proper noun edit
支那