書信

See also: 书信

Chinese edit

		book; letter	letter; true; to believe letter; true; to believe; sign; evidence
trad. (書信)		書	信
simp. (书信)		书	信

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): shūxìn

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄒㄧㄣˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фущин (fuxin, I-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): syu¹ seon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sû-sin

(Meixian, Guangdong): su¹ xin⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̆-séng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): su-sìn / chir-sìn / si-sìn
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹sy-shin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shūxìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄒㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shusìn
  - Wade–Giles: shu¹-hsin⁴
  - Yale: shū-syìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shushinn
  - Palladius: шусинь (šusinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фущин (fuxin, I-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fou²⁴ ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: syu¹ seon³
  - Yale: syū seun
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sy¹ soen³
  - Guangdong Romanization: xu¹ sên³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syː⁵⁵ sɵn³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû-sin
  - Hakka Romanization System: su´ xin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: su¹ xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /su²⁴⁻¹¹ sin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: su¹ xin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sin⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆-séng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(s-)lɛiŋ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-sìn
  - Tâi-lô: su-sìn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: susixn
  - IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir-sìn
  - Tâi-lô: tsir-sìn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³ sin⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-sìn
  - Tâi-lô: si-sìn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sisixn
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹sy-shin
  - MiniDict: sy^平 shin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr-xin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/

Middle Chinese: syo sinH

Rime
Character	書	信
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	傷魚切	息晉切
Baxter	syo	sinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨʌ/	/siɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɔ/	/sin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɔ/	/sjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨə̆/	/sin^H/
Li Rong	/ɕiɔ/	/siĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ɕĭo/	/sĭĕn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wo/	/si̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shū	xìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syu¹	san³

Noun edit

書信

(formal) letter; epistle; written message
保羅書信／保罗书信 ― Bǎoluó shūxìn ― Pauline epistles
(figuratively) messenger

Synonyms edit

(letter):

信
信件 (xìnjiàn)
信函 (xìnhán)
信札 (xìnzhá)
八行 (bāháng) (literary)
八行書／八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary)
函件 (hánjiàn)
手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary)
手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
書／书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
書函／书函 (shūhán)
書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)
書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
鴻／鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)

Dialectal synonyms of 信 (“letter”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
Mandarin	Beijing	信
	Taiwan	信
	Yantai (Muping)	信
	Jinan	信
	Luoyang	信
	Wanrong	信
	Xi'an	信
	Yinchuan	信
	Lanzhou	信
	Xining	信
	Ürümqi	信
	Wuhan	信
	Chengdu	信
	Guiyang	信
	Guilin	信
	Liuzhou	信
	Xuzhou	信
	Yangzhou	信
	Nanjing	信
	Hefei	信
	Malaysia	信
	Singapore	信
	Dagudi (Maliba)	信
	Reshuitang (Longling)	信
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	信
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	信
Cantonese	Guangzhou	信
	Hong Kong	信
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	信
	Macau	信
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	信
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	信
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	信
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	信
	Foshan	信
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	信
	Foshan (Shunde)	信
	Foshan (Sanshui)	信
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	信
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	信
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	信
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	信
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	信
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	信
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	信
	Taishan	信
	Kaiping (Chikan)	信
	Enping (Niujiang)	信
	Heshan (Yayao)	信
	Dongguan	信
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	信
	Shaoguan	信
	Yunfu	信
	Yangjiang	信
	Xinyi	信
	Lianjiang	信
	Beihai	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	信
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	信
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	信
	Singapore (Guangfu)	信
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	信
	Móng Cái	信
Gan	Nanchang	信
	Lichuan	信
	Pingxiang	信
Hakka	Meixian	信
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	信
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	信
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	信
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	信
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	信
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	信
	Wuhua (Changbu)	信
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	信
	Conghua (Lütian)	信
	Luhe	信仔
	Yudu	信
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	信仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	信仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	信仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	信
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	信仔, 信
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	批, 信
	Hong Kong	信
Huizhou	Jixi	信
Jin	Taiyuan	信
Jin	Xinzhou	信
Northern Min	Jian'ou	信
	Songxi	信
	Jianyang	信
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	批
	Gutian	批
	Pingnan	批, 信
	Ningde	批
	Zhouning	批
	Fuding	信
	Matsu	批
	Singapore (Fuqing)	批
Southern Min	Xiamen	批, 批信
	Quanzhou	批, 批信
	Yongchun	批
	Zhangzhou	批, 批信
	Zhao'an	批
	Taipei	批
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	批
	Kaohsiung	批
	Yilan	批
	Changhua (Lukang)	批
	Taichung	批
	Taichung (Wuqi)	批
	Tainan	批, 批信
	Taitung	批
	Hsinchu	批
	Kinmen	批
	Penghu (Magong)	批
	Penang (Hokkien)	批
	Singapore (Hokkien)	批, 批信
	Manila (Hokkien)	批
	Longyan	信
	Datian	信
	Chaozhou	信, 批 international incoming letters
	Bangkok (Teochew)	信, 家批 dated
	Singapore (Teochew)	信, 批
	Batam (Teochew)	信
	Leizhou	信
	Wenchang	信 domestic, 批 international
	Haikou	信
	Singapore (Hainanese)	信, 批
Puxian Min	Putian	批
	Xianyou	批
	Fuding (Aoyao)	批
Central Min	Yong'an	信
Central Min	Shaxian	信
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	信
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	信
Wu	Shanghai	信
	Shanghai (Chongming)	信
	Suzhou	信
	Danyang	信
	Ningbo	信
	Wenzhou	信
	Jinhua	信
Xiang	Changsha	信
	Loudi	信
	Shuangfeng	信

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (書信):

→ Japanese: 書信(しょしん) (shoshin)
→ Korean: 서신(書信) (seosin)
→ Vietnamese: thư tín (書信)

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
書	信
しょ Grade: 2	しん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun edit

書(しょ)信(しん) • (shoshin)

a letter
Synonyms: 雁書 (gansho), 雁信 (ganshin), 書簡 (shokan), 書札 (shosatsu), 書状 (shojō), 信書 (shinsho), 手簡 (shukan), 尺牘 (sekitoku), 手紙 (tegami)