朝食

Chinese edit

	morning; to face; towards morning; to face; towards; facing; direct; a dynasty; the imperial court; Korea, esp. N. Korea (abbrev.)	eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed
trad. (朝食)	朝	食
simp. ^#(朝食)	朝	食
anagram	食朝

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhāoshí

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄠㄕˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhāoshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄠㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhaoshíh
  - Wade–Giles: chao¹-shih²
  - Yale: jāu-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaushyr
  - Palladius: чжаоши (čžaoši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/

Middle Chinese: trjew zyik

Rime
Character	朝	食
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)	蒸 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟遙切	乗力切
Baxter	trjew	zyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠiᴇu/	/ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚiɛu/	/ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶiæu/	/ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiaw/	/ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶjɛu/	/d͡ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶĭɛu/	/d͡ʑĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶi̯ɛu/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ziu¹	sik⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>aw mə-lək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'ew ɦljɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	朝	食
Reading #	2/2	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhāo	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trjew ›	‹ zyik ›
Old Chinese	/*t<r>aw/	/*mə-lək/
English	morning	eat
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	朝	食
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1307	11477
Phonetic component	朝	食
Rime group	宵	職
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	朝
Old Chinese	/*ʔr'ew/	/*ɦljɯɡ/
Notes	甲文作日月同在草中表清晨，非舟聲

Verb edit

朝食

(literary) to breakfast; to have breakfast
- 乘我乘駒、朝食于株。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  乘我乘驹、朝食于株。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Chéng wǒ shèng jū, cháoshí yú Zhū. [Pinyin]
  I will drive my team of colts,
  And breakfast at Zhu.
- 余姑翦滅此而朝食。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  余姑翦灭此而朝食。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Yú gū jiǎnmiè cǐ ér zhāoshí. [Pinyin]
  I will eliminate them before having [my] morning meal.

Noun edit

朝食

(literary) breakfast

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 早餐 (“breakfast”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		朝食, 饔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		早飯, 早餐
Mandarin	Beijing	早飯, 早點
	Taiwan	早飯, 早餐, 早點
	Tianjin	點心
	Ulanhot	早上飯
	Tongliao	早上飯
	Chifeng	早飯
	Bayanhot	早飯
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	早上飯
	Harbin	早上飯, 早飯
	Shenyang	早飯
	Yantai (Muping)	朝飯兒, 早飯
	Jinan	早飯, 早晨飯, 早點
	Luoyang	清早飯
	Wanrong	早起飯
	Zhengzhou	清早起來飯
	Xi'an	乾早飯, 早飯
	Yinchuan	早飯
	Lanzhou	早飯
	Xining	早起
	Ürümqi	乾早飯, 早飯
	Wuhan	早飯
	Huanggang	早飯
	Chengdu	早飯, 早餐
	Guiyang	早飯
	Kunming	早飯
	Guilin	早飯, 早點
	Liuzhou	早餐, 早飯, 早點
	Xuzhou	早點, 早上飯, 早飯
	Yangzhou	早飯
	Nanjing	早飯, 點心
	Hefei	早飯
	Nantong	早飯
	Malaysia	早餐
	Singapore	早餐
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	趕早飯
Cantonese	Guangzhou	早餐, 朝早飯, 朝
	Hong Kong	早餐
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	早飯
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	早飯
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	早飯
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	早飯, 朝頭
	Macau	早餐
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	早餐
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	早飯
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	早餐
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	早飯, 早餐
	Foshan	早餐
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	粥
	Foshan (Shunde)	早餐
	Foshan (Sanshui)	朝早飯
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	早飯
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	早餐
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	早餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	早餐
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	朝早飯
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	朝早飯
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	早餐
	Taishan	早餐
	Kaiping (Chikan)	早餐
	Enping (Niujiang)	早餐
	Heshan (Yayao)	早飯
	Dongguan	早餐
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	早餐
	Shaoguan	早餐
	Yunfu	早餐
	Yangjiang	朝
	Xinyi	朝
	Lianjiang	朝
	Nanning	過早
	Wuzhou	過早
	Yulin	早朝
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	早朝
	Danzhou	早朝
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	早餐
	Singapore (Guangfu)	早餐
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	早餐
Gan	Nanchang	早飯
	Lichuan	早飯
	Pingxiang	早飯
Hakka	Meixian	朝
	Xingning	朝
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	朝, 早餐
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	朝
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	朝
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	朝
	Huidong (Daling)	朝
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	朝
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	早餐, 朝
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	朝
	Boluo (Bendihua)	早餐
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	朝
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	朝
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	朝, 早餐
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	早餐
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	朝
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	朝
	Wuhua (Changbu)	朝
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	朝
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	朝
	Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua)	朝
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	朝
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	朝
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	朝
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	朝
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	朝
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	朝
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	朝
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	朝
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	朝
	Liannan	朝
	Conghua (Lütian)	朝
	Jiexi	朝
	Changting	朝
	Wuping	朝
	Wuping (Pingyu)	朝
	Liancheng	天光
	Ninghua	朝飯
	Yudu	晨朝
	Ruijin	朝
	Shicheng	朝飯
	Shangyou (Shexi)	早晨
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	朝
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	朝
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	朝
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	朝
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	朝
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	早頓, 早, 晨早
	Hong Kong	朝, 朝飯
	Luchuan	朝
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	朝, 早點
	Sabah (Longchuan)	早餐
	Senai (Huiyang)	朝, 早餐
	Singkawang	朝
Huizhou	Jixi	早飯
	Shexian	早飯
	Tunxi	天光
	Xiuning	天光
	Yixian	天光
	Qimen	點心
	Wuyuan	朝飯, 朝粥
Jin	Taiyuan	早清飯, 清早飯, 打早飯
	Pingyao	早起飯, 早晨飯
	Xinzhou	打早飯, 早起飯, 早升飯
	Taibus (Baochang)	早飯
	Linhe	早飯
	Jining	早飯
	Hohhot	早飯
	Baotou	早飯
	Dongsheng	早飯
	Haibowan	早點
Northern Min	Jian'ou	早
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	早
	Songxi	飯
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	飯
	Wuyishan	朝
	Pucheng (Shibei)	朝
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	早
	Fuqing	飯, 早
	Zhouning	飯
Southern Min	Xiamen	早頓, 早起頓, 早起
	Quanzhou	早頓, 早起頓, 早起
	Yongchun	早起
	Zhangzhou	早頓, 早起頓, 早起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	早起頓, 早起, 早餐, 早頓
	Manila (Hokkien)	早餐, 早起
	Zhangping	飯
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	飯
	Chaozhou	眠起, 早餐
	Shantou	猛早頓, 猛早, 早飯, 早糜
	Haifeng	眠早
	Bangkok (Teochew)	早餐, 早頓
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	早餐
	Singapore (Teochew)	早餐
	Leizhou	早糜, 早
	Wenchang	糜旦, 天光糜, 早
	Haikou	天光糜, 天光, 天光早糜, 天光早, 天光白糜, 天光白
	Qionghai	早糜, 早餐
	Singapore (Hainanese)	早餐
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	早餐
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	早餐
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	過早, 朝飯, 點心
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	早飯
Wu	Shanghai	早飯, 早點
	Shanghai (Chongming)	飯
	Suzhou	早飯
	Wuxi	早飯, 早點
	Danyang	早飯
	Hangzhou	早飯
	Ningbo	天亮飯
	Wenzhou	天光
	Jinhua	五更兒飯, 五更飯, 五更兒
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	五更
Xiang	Changsha	早飯
	Loudi	早飯
	Shuangfeng	早飯, 晨飯
	Quanzhou	早飯

Japanese edit

Kanji in this term
朝	食
ちょう Grade: 2	しょく Grade: 2
on’yomi	kan’on

Etymology edit

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 朝食 (MC trjew zyik, literally “morning + eating”). Appears in 1713.^[1]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) ちょーしょく [chòóshókú] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun edit

朝(ちょう)食(しょく) • (chōshoku) ^{←てうしよく (teusyoku)^?}

breakfast

Synonyms edit

Related terms edit

昼(ちゅう)食(しょく) (chūshoku, “lunch”)
夕(ゆう)食(しょく) (yūshoku, “supper, dinner”)
夜(や)食(しょく) (yashoku, “night meal, midnight snack”)

References edit

^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[KDJ-1] Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]