未曾

Chinese

		not yet; 8th earthly branch; 1–3 p.m.	(refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past (refers to something that happened previously); already; at some time in the past; before; once; great-grand (father)
simp. and trad. (未曾)		未	曾
alternative forms		唔曾 Taishanese contraction

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèicéng

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): mei⁶ cang⁴, mei⁶ jang⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mei⁵ tang³, miang⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bī-chêng / bī-chn̂g / bōe-chêng / bē-chêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhuê⁷ zêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèicéng
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄘㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèicéng
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴-tsʻêng²
    • Yale: wèi-tséng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytserng
    • Palladius: вэйцэн (vɛjcɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹ t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mei⁶ cang⁴, mei⁶ jang⁴
    • Yale: meih chàhng, meih yàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁶ tsang⁴, mei⁶ jang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁶ ceng⁴, méi⁶ yeng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²² t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/, /mei̯²² jɐŋ²¹/

Note: mei6 jang4 - lenited variant.

• • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mei⁵ tang³, miang⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbei³² tʰaŋ²²/, /ᵐbiaŋ²¹/

Note:

• mei5 tang3 - literary;
• miang4 - vernacular contraction.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-chêng
    • Tâi-lô: bī-tsîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bixzeeng
    • IPA (Taipei): /bi³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-chn̂g
    • Tâi-lô: bī-tsn̂g
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bixzngg
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bōe-chêng
    • Tâi-lô: buē-tsîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: boexzeeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bue³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪŋ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bē-chêng
    • Tâi-lô: bē-tsîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bexzeeng
    • IPA (Taipei): /be³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪŋ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhuê⁷ zêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buē tsêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bue¹¹ t͡seŋ⁵⁵/

Adverb

未曾

1. (literary or Cantonese, Northern Min, Southern Min) never; not once

   我幾乎未曾離開過這個城市。 [MSC, trad.]
   我几乎未曾离开过这个城市。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ jīhū wèicéng líkāi guò zhège chéngshì. [Pinyin]

   I have hardly ever been out of this city.

Synonyms

• 不曾 (bùcéng)
• 未嘗／未尝 (wèicháng)
• 未始 (wèishǐ)
• (Hakka) 哪識／哪识
• (Hokkien, Teochew) 毋捌 (m̄ bat)
• (Wu) 勿曾

Derived terms

• 得未曾有 (déwèicéngyǒu)