死ぬ

Japanese

Kanji in this term

死

Etymology

si+inu(死+往ぬ)

Verb

死ぬ (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana しぬ, romaji shinu)

1. to die
2. to become lifeless, to lack vitality, to be loss of vigor

Conjugation

Conjugation of "死ぬ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms	Imperfective (未然形)	死な	しな	shina
	Continuative (連用形)	死に	しに	shini
	Terminal (終止形)	死ぬ	しぬ	shinu
	Attributive (連体形)	死ぬ	しぬ	shinu
	Hypothetical (仮定形)	死ね	しね	shine
	Imperative (命令形)	死ね	しね	shine
Key constructions	Passive	死なれる	しなれる	shinareru
	Causative	死なせる 死なす	しなせる しなす	shinaseru shinasu
	Potential	死ねる	しねる	shineru
	Volitional	死のう	しのう	shinō
	Negative	死なない	しなない	shinanai
	Negative continuative	死なず	しなず	shinazu
	Formal	死にます	しにます	shinimasu
	Perfective	死んだ	しんだ	shinda
	Conjunctive	死んで	しんで	shinde
	Hypothetical conditional	死ねば	しねば	shineba

Synonyms

• 亡くなる (nakunaru) (polite)
• お亡くなりになる (o-nakunari-ni-naru) (honorific)
• 崩御する (hougyo-suru) (most honorific) king, queen, emperor, empress
• 身罷る (mimakaru) (classic), (more honorific)
• 去ぬ (inu) (classic)
• くたばる (kutabaru) (vulgar)
• タヒる (tahiru) (slang), (net jargon)

Trivia

The only modern Japanese verb which ends in ぬ (an older example is 去ぬ (いぬ, inu, “to go, to leave”), which is now archaic). Accordingly, it is used in textbooks to illustrate conjugation of such verbs, despite its morbid subject.