Chinese edit

ocean; sea suckling pig
trad. (海豚)
simp. #(海豚)

Etymology edit

Native formation, attested abundantly in the Classical era. Also 海豨 (hǎixī, literally “sea-pig”), 江豚 (jiāngtún, literally “river-pig”). Semantically compare English mereswine (porpoise or dolphin, literally sea-pig).

Pronunciation edit



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (32) (7)
Final () (41) (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter xojX dwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/hʌiX/ /duən/
Pan
Wuyun
/həiX/ /duon/
Shao
Rongfen
/xɒiX/ /duən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/həjX/ /dwən/
Li
Rong
/xᴀiX/ /duən/
Wang
Li
/xɒiX/ /duən/
Bernard
Karlgren
/xɑ̆iX/ /dʱuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hǎi tún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hoi2 teon4

Noun edit

海豚

  1. dolphin

Synonyms edit

Derived terms edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (海豚):
  • Korean: 해돈(海豚) (haedon)

Japanese edit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
海豚 (iruka): a dolphin or porpoise.
Kanji in this term
いるか
Grade: 2 Grade: S
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
海豚 (kyūjitai)
(rare)
イルカ

Etymology edit

From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 入鹿魚.[1]

Unclear. One of the possible native-Japanese theories is that this was originally a compound of Old Japanese elements (iwo, fish) +‎ (uka, food, something used as food).

/iwo uka//iru uka//iruka/

Another possibility is that it was a borrowing from Ainu. Compare Sakhalin Ainu リク (riku), イリク (iriku), or Kuril Ainu リカ (rika, whale).[2][3] Given the unlikely sound shift required for the Old Japanese derivation, an origin from Ainu seems more likely.

The spelling 海豚, which literally means “sea pig”, is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

海豚(いるか) or 海豚(イルカ) (iruka

  1. a dolphin or porpoise (the mammal)

Usage notes edit

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イルカ.

Derived terms edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 107
  2. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2022), “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, in Handbook of the Ainu Language, →DOI
  3. ^ 2005, Martine Robbeets (2005:190) Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic?
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Kikai edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (dolphin). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun edit

海豚(ふぃとぅ) or 海豚(ぴとぅ) (fitu or pitu

  1. dolphin

Kunigami edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (dolphin). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun edit

海豚(ひーとぅい) (hīthui

  1. dolphin

Northern Amami-Oshima edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (dolphin). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun edit

海豚(ふとぅ) (hutu

  1. dolphin

Okinawan edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (dolphin).

Noun edit

海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu

  1. dolphin

Southern Amami-Oshima edit

Kanji in this term
Grade: 2 Grade: S
Alternative spelling
海豚 (kyūjitai)

Etymology edit

From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (dolphin). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚(ふぃーとぅ) (fītu).

Noun edit

海豚(ふとぅ) (hutu

  1. dolphin