海豚
Chinese edit
ocean; sea | suckling pig | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (海豚) | 海 | 豚 | |
simp. #(海豚) | 海 | 豚 |
Etymology edit
Native formation, attested abundantly in the Classical era. Also 海豨 (hǎixī, literally “sea-pig”), 江豚 (jiāngtún, literally “river-pig”). Semantically compare English mereswine (“porpoise or dolphin”, literally “sea-pig”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
海豚
Synonyms edit
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 海豨 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 海豚 | |
Taxonomic name | 海豚 | |
Mandarin | Taiwan | 海豚 |
Singapore | 海豚 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 海豬, 海豚 |
Hong Kong | 海豚 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 海豚, 海豬 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 海豚 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 海豚 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 海豚 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 海豚 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 海豬 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 白鰗, 海豬, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚 |
Zhangzhou | 白鰗, 媽祖婆魚, 媽祖魚, 鎮港魚 | |
Taipei | 海豬仔 | |
Taipei (Wanhua) | 海豬 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 海豬仔 | |
Kaohsiung | 海豬, 烏鯃 | |
Yilan | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Taichung | 海豬 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 海豬 | |
Tainan | 海豬仔, 海豬 | |
Taitung | 海豬 | |
Taitung (Green Island) | 烏鯃 | |
Hsinchu | 海豬, 海豬仔 | |
Pingtung (Liuqiu) | 烏鯃 | |
Kinmen | 海豬 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 海鼠, 烏鯃 | |
Penghu (Pengnan) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Xiyu) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Huxi) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Wangan) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Cimei) | 海鼠, 烏鯃 | |
Penghu (Huayu) | 烏鯃 | |
Penghu (Zhongtun) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Houliao) | 海鼠 | |
Penghu (Tongliang) | 海鼠, 烏鯃, 白鯃 | |
Penghu (Jibei) | 烏鯃, 白鯃 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 海豬 | |
Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 白吳 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 海豬 |
Xianyou | 海豬 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 海豚 |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Japanese edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
いるか | |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
jukujikun |
Alternative spellings |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) 鯆 (rare) イルカ |
Etymology edit
From Old Japanese. Attested in the Kojiki of 712 with the phonetic spelling 入鹿魚.[1]
Unclear. One of the possible native-Japanese theories is that this was originally a compound of Old Japanese elements 魚 (iwo, “fish”) + 食 (uka, “food, something used as food”).
/iwo uka/ → /iru uka/ → /iruka/
Another possibility is that it was a borrowing from Ainu. Compare Sakhalin Ainu リク (riku), イリク (iriku), or Kuril Ainu リカ (rika, “whale”).[2][3] Given the unlikely sound shift required for the Old Japanese derivation, an origin from Ainu seems more likely.
The spelling 海豚, which literally means “sea pig”, is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Usage notes edit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イルカ.
Derived terms edit
- 海豚座 (Irukaza): Dolphin constellation, Delphinus
- 鼠海豚 (nezumi iruka): harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 107
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2022), “Ainu elements in early Japonic”, in Handbook of the Ainu Language,
- ^ 2005, Martine Robbeets (2005:190) Is Japanese Related to Korean, Tungusic, Mongolic and Turkic?
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Kikai edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun edit
海豚 or 海豚 (fitu or pitu)
Kunigami edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun edit
海豚 (hīthui)
Northern Amami-Oshima edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun edit
海豚 (hutu)
Okinawan edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”).
Noun edit
海豚 (fītu)
Southern Amami-Oshima edit
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
海 | 豚 |
Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
Alternative spelling |
---|
海豚 (kyūjitai) |
Etymology edit
From Proto-Ryukyuan *peto (“dolphin”). Cognate with Okinawan 海豚 (fītu).
Noun edit
海豚 (hutu)