潭

Translingual edit

Han character edit

潭 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水一田十 (EMWJ), four-corner 3114₆, composition ⿰氵覃)

Derived characters edit

𫾘, 藫, 𮆨, 䨵

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 650, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18271
Dae Jaweon: page 1060, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1738, character 2
Unihan data for U+6F6D

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		潭

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 潭
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (覃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鷣	luː, lɯm
撢	l̥ʰɯːm, l'ɯːms, lɯm, ʔl'aːnʔ
憛	*l̥ʰɯːms
潭	l'ɯːm, lɯmʔ
譚	l'ɯːm, l'ɯːmʔ
覃	*l'ɯːm
鐔	l'ɯːm, ljɯm, *lɯm
藫	*l'ɯːm
橝	l'ɯːm, l'ɯːmʔ
蟫	l'ɯːm, lɯm
燂	l'ɯːm, zlom, *ljum
醰	l'ɯːm, l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms
禫	*l'ɯːmʔ
嘾	*l'ɯːmʔ
贉	l'ɯːmʔ, l'ɯːms
瞫	l'ɯːms, hljɯmʔ
蕈	*zlɯmʔ
鱏	ljɯm, lɯm
簟	*l'ɯːmʔ
驔	*l'ɯːmʔ
磹	*l'ɯːms

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 覃 (OC *l'ɯːm).

Etymology edit

A late Old Chinese southern word attested in Chuci. Probably a foreign loan; compare Proto-Kam-Sui *tʰlam¹ (“well; pond; pool”) (Thurgood, 1988). 塘 (OC *l'aːŋ, “embankment; pond”) is perhaps a variant of this word (Schuessler, 2007).

Alternatively, possibly related to 深 (OC *hljum, *hljums, “deep”). Burmese ထုံး (htum:, “large; pool”) differs in initial and vowel.

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tán (tan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): taam⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thàm
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thâm

(Teochew, Peng'im): tam⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tán
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tán
  - Wade–Giles: tʻan²
  - Yale: tán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
  - Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: taam⁴
  - Yale: tàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: taam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: tam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːm²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: tamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tam²
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰam¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thâm
  - Tâi-lô: thâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: taam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰam¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰam²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 潭
Mandarin	Beijing	/tʰan³⁵/
	Harbin	/tʰan²⁴/
	Tianjin	/tʰan⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/tʰã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʰã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/tʰan⁴²/
	Xi'an	/tʰã²⁴/
	Xining	/tʰã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tʰan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/tʰɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/tʰan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/tʰan²¹³/
	Chengdu	/tʰan³¹/
	Guiyang	/tʰan²¹/
	Kunming	/tʰʰã̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/tʰaŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/tʰæ̃⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tʰæ̃¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tʰɑŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tʰæ̃³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/de²³/
	Suzhou	/dø¹³/
	Hangzhou	/dẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/dø³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰɛ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/tuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/tan¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/dan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰan²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰam¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/tɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tʰam²¹/
	Nanning	/tʰam²¹/
	Hong Kong	/tʰam²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tʰam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tʰaŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/tʰaiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/tʰam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ham³¹/

Middle Chinese: dom

Rime
Character	潭
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒含切
Baxter	dom
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dʌm/
Pan Wuyun	/dəm/
Shao Rongfen	/dɒm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəm/
Li Rong	/dᴀm/
Wang Li	/dɒm/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤ[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	潭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tán
Middle Chinese	‹ dom ›
Old Chinese	/*[l]ˁ[ə]m/
English	deep, pond
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潭
Reading #	1/2
No.	12318
Phonetic component	覃
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	覃
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːm/

Definitions edit

潭

deep pool; lake
- 長瀨湍流，泝江潭兮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  长濑湍流，溯江潭兮。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE
  Cháng lài tuānliú, sù jiāng tán xī. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪倫送我情。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 8th century, Li Bai, 贈汪倫
  Táohuā Tán shuǐ shēn qiān chǐ, bùjí Wāng Lún sòng wǒ qíng. [Pinyin]
  The Peach-Blossom Pool's water – one-thousand-chi deep – can't match the feelings of Wang Lun, who saw me off.
(dialectal) pit
(literary) deep; profound
(～州) Tan Prefecture
(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (～水) Liu River
- 潭水注之，水出武陵郡鐔成縣玉山，東流逕鬱林郡潭中縣。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
  潭水注之，水出武陵郡镡成县玉山，东流迳郁林郡潭中县。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
  From: Li Daoyuan, Commentary on the Water Classic, 386-534 CE
  Tán shuǐ zhù zhī, shuǐ chū Wǔlíng jùn Tánchéng xiàn Yùshān, dōng liú jìng Yùlín jùn Tánzhōng xiàn. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
a surname

Synonyms edit

(pit): 坑 (kēng)

Compounds edit

一潭死水 (yītánsǐshuǐ)
三伏潭 (Sānfútán)
三潭 (Sāntán)
劍潭／剑潭
周潭 (Zhōután)
大潭 (Dàtán)
小潭 (Xiǎotán)
平潭 (Píngtán)
日月潭 (Rìyuètán)
梅雨潭 (Méiyǔtán)
湘潭 (Xiāngtán)
潭城 (Tánchéng)
潭奧／潭奥
潭府
潭柘
潭沲
潭沱
潭潭
潭瀹
潭祉叶吉
潭第
潭腿
澴潭 (Huántán)
灣潭／湾潭 (Wāntán)
獅潭／狮潭 (Shītán)
百花潭
碧潭
磺潭 (Huángtán)
米潭溪 (Mǐtánxī)
虎穴龍潭／虎穴龙潭
虎窟龍潭／虎窟龙潭
鈷鉧潭／钴𬭁潭
長潭河／长潭河 (Chángtánhé)
黃家潭／黄家潭 (Huángjiātán)
龍潭／龙潭 (lóngtán)
龍潭畈／龙潭畈 (Lóngtánfàn)
龍潭虎穴／龙潭虎穴
龍潭虎窟／龙潭虎窟
龍潭鄉／龙潭乡

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐn (yin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
  - Wade–Giles: yin³
  - Yale: yǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
  - Palladius: инь (inʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹⁴/

Middle Chinese: yimX

Rime
Character	潭
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以荏切
Baxter	yimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/jim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/jem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jim^X/
Li Rong	/iəm^X/
Wang Li	/jĭĕm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam⁵